俱舍論頌疏論本 24.88

24.88

問：「云何三轉十二行相？」答：「此苦聖諦（顯見道也），此應遍知（顯修道也），此已遍知（顯無學道），是名三轉。一一轉時別別發生眼智明覺。」解云：於見道中法忍名眼，法智名智，類忍名明，類智名覺。又解：觀見名眼，決斷名智，照了名明，警察名覺。此解通三道也。言十二行相者，如苦諦下有三轉十二行相，集、滅、道諦各有三轉十二行相，理實總有十二轉四十八行相，然數等故，但說三轉十二行相。毘婆沙師所說如是。若依經部，法輪非唯見道，即此三轉十二行相所有法門（教法）名為法輪。言三轉者，三周轉故。言十二行相者，三周循歷四聖諦故。謂此是苦、此是集、此是滅、此是道（此一周轉四諦，此名示相轉也）。此應遍知、此應永斷、此應作證、此應修習（是第二周轉四諦也，此名勸相轉也）。此已遍知、此已永斷、此已作證、此已修習（是第三周轉四諦也，此名引證轉無學道法也）。由此法門於他相續，令解義故，此約教名法輪。於他相續見道生時，已至轉初，故名已轉。理實三道皆是法輪也。

Question: "What are the three turnings and twelve aspects?"
Answer: "'This is the noble truth of suffering' (revealing the path of seeing); 'this should be fully known' (revealing the path of cultivation); 'this has been fully known' (revealing the path of no-learning)—these are called the three turnings. At each turning, vision, knowledge, clarity, and awakening arise separately." It is explained: on the path of seeing, acceptance of dharma is called "vision", knowledge of dharma is called "knowledge", subsequent acceptance is called "clarity", and subsequent knowledge is called "awakening". Another explanation says: observation and seeing are called "vision"; decisive determination is called "knowledge"; illuminating comprehension is called "clarity"; and examination is called "awakening". This latter explanation applies across all three paths. As for "twelve aspects": just as under the truth of suffering there are three turnings and twelve aspects, so under the truths of origination, cessation, and the path there are each three turnings and twelve aspects. In reality, there are twelve turnings and forty-eight aspects in all, but because the numbers are equal, they are simply called "three turnings and twelve aspects". This is what the master of the Vibhāṣā says.
According to the Sautrāntikas, the wheel of Dharma is not merely the path of seeing; rather, all the dharmic teachings (instructional dharmas) of these three turnings and twelve aspects are called the wheel of Dharma. "Three turnings" means turning through three cycles. "Twelve aspects" means sequentially traversing the four noble truths across the three cycles: namely, "this is suffering", "this is origination", "this is cessation", "this is the path" (this is one cycle turning through the four truths, termed the "turning that indicates the characteristics"); "this should be fully known", "this should be perpetually abandoned", "this should be realized", "this should be cultivated" (this is the second cycle turning through the four truths, termed the "turning that encourages the characteristics"); "this has been fully known", "this has been perpetually abandoned", "this has been realized", "this has been cultivated" (this is the third cycle turning through the four truths, termed the "turning that adduces realization" of the dharmas of the path of no-learning). Because by this dharma-teaching others' mental continua are caused to understand the meaning, this is termed the "wheel of Dharma" in terms of instruction. When the path of seeing arises in another's mental continuum, it has reached the beginning of turning; hence it is called "already turned". In actual fact, all three paths are the wheel of Dharma.