俱舍論頌疏論本 22.58

22.58

'Counting and so forth' is the eighth category, explaining its aspects: its distinctions consist in possessing six factors: first, counting (gaṇanā); second, following (anugama); third, stopping (sthāpanā); fourth, observing (upalakṣaṇā); fifth, turning (vivartanā); sixth, purification (pariśuddhi). 'Counting' means fixing the mind on the incoming and outgoing breaths, counting from one to ten. There are three faults here: first, the fault of undercounting, taking two to be one; second, the fault of overcounting, taking one to be two; third, the fault of confusion, taking inhalation to be exhalation, or exhalation to be inhalation. Being free from these three faults is called correct counting. If there is an error in between, one should start counting again sequentially from one, going from beginning to end, until concentration is achieved. 'Following' means fixing the mind on the incoming and outgoing breaths without exertion, following the breaths as they move. 'Stopping' means fixing mindfulness only on the tip of the nose or on the toes, settling the mind wherever one pleases. 'Observing' means, having observed this wind of respiration, also observing the primary elements and derived matter associated with the breath, as well as the mind and mental factors that reside relying on matter, fully observing the five skandhas as the objective sphere. 'Turning' means shifting, shifting awareness of the wind of respiration all the way to the stage of the highest worldly dharmas (laukikāgradharma). 'Purification' means advancing, entering the path of seeing and so forth up to the knowledge of destruction (kṣayajñāna) and so forth. To subsume these six aspects, a verse says: "Mindfulness of respiration should be known / to have six distinct aspects, / namely, counting, following, stopping, observing, / turning, and purification."