俱舍論頌疏論本 4.17

4.17

Explanation: "Mental factors are of five kinds" marks the ranks of mental factors. "Differing as the universal factors and so on" enumerates them: first, universal factors (mahābhūmika); second, universally virtuous factors (kuśalamahābhūmika); third, universal defilement factors (kleśamahābhūmika); fourth, universal non-virtuous factors (akuśalamahābhūmika); fifth, minor defilement factors (parīttakleśabhūmika). Briefly explaining the name "universal factors" (mahābhūmika-dharma): the treatise says, "'Ground' means scope of activity; if this is the scope of activity of that, this is said to be the ground for that phenomenon (explaining the meaning of the single word 'ground'. 'Ground' is the principal mind, which is the scope of activity of mental factors; hence it says ground means scope of activity. 'If this' refers to this principal mind. 'Is of that' refers to those mental factors. 'Scope of activity' means the mind is the scope of activity for the mental factors. 'This is said to be the ground for that phenomenon' means: because the mind is the scope of activity, this mind is said to be the ground belonging to those mental factor phenomena). Because it is the ground of great phenomena, it is called a great ground (explaining the two words 'great ground' [mahābhūmi]. 'Great' here refers to the ten mental factors such as sensation and ideation. Because sensation, ideation, and so forth pervade all classes of mind across the three moral natures, they are called 'great'. If one says 'great ground', it still refers to the principal mind; mind is merely a ground, but is not 'great'. Now saying 'great ground' means the ground of great phenomena is called a 'great ground'—a determinative compound [tatpuruṣa]). Here, if a phenomenon belongs to a great ground, it is called a universal factor (mahābhūmika-dharma). That is to say, the phenomenon is constantly present in all minds (this explains the three words 'universal factor'. 'Here' means among these mental factors. Among these mental factors, the ten mental factors such as sensation and ideation belong to the great ground, and are called universal factors. A factor of the great ground is called a universal factor—a determinative compound. Thus we know that saying only 'great' refers solely to the mental factors. If one says 'great ground', it refers to the principal mind. Saying 'universal factor' refers back to the mental factors. Above there are two layers of determinative compounds, which should be carefully considered)."