瑜伽論記 1.486

1.486

"The locations of the eight great hells (naraka)": regarding the various great hells, the Vibhāṣā, fascicle 172, explains: 'Nara' means 'to do', and 'ka' means 'evil'; because those who have done evil are born in that place, along with many other meanings. The "solitary ones" are either in empty space, or in wide wildernesses, or among mountains, and so forth. The "cold ones" are the eight cold [hells]. The "neighboring ones" are the four kinds of gardens outside the gates of the eight hot [hells], which will be explained in the fourth fascicle. Animals have three dwelling places, namely land, water, and space; the great ocean is their primary dwelling, and from this primary dwelling they disperse and move to other places. The dwelling place of ghosts has the realm of King Yama as its primary locus; this is five hundred yojanas beneath Jambudvīpa, where there is a great domain five hundred yojanas in length and breadth, and from this primary locus they disperse and move to other places. Furthermore, the Vibhāṣā states: To the southwest of Jambudvīpa there are five hundred ghost cities, [whose inhabitants] half experience suffering and half experience pleasure. The Qishi jing says: Between the two Iron Enclosing Mountains to the south of Jambudvīpa, there is the palace of King Yama, six thousand yojanas in length and breadth, and so forth in detail.