瑜伽論記 8.255

8.255

Next, the ten dharmas are listed: 1. Holding (ādhāra): namely, the three kinds of holding. 2. Characteristic (liṅga): namely, the five characteristics of a bodhisattva. 3. Factor (pakṣa): in Sanskrit *pakṣa*, also translated here as 'chapter', or 'part' or 'wing'; this term is also found among the thirty-seven dharmas [aids to awakening], hence it is also translated as 'factor' (aṅga/pakṣa), and also translated as 'chapter'; the old translation called it 'wings', which was mistaken; here it does not convey the sense of multiple wings, but only clarifies the difference between the two classes of bodhisattvas, householders and renunciants, hence formerly called 'classes' (pakṣa); if so, when titling the chapters it would be called 'Chapter of Chapters', and having such an obstacle, it is called 'factor'. 4. In Sanskrit *adhyāśaya*: collectively called 'superior intention' (namely, the fifteen intentions); Sanskrit *citta* translates here as 'pure mind', but this term is not in the Sanskrit text of the ten dharmas. 5. Abode (vihāra): namely, the thirteen vihāras. 6. Rebirth (upapatti): namely, the five rebirths of a bodhisattva to convert beings. 7. Embracing (parigraha): in Sanskrit *parigraha*, but this term is also absent from the Sanskrit ten dharmas. 8. Stage (bhūmi): namely, the six bhūmis. 9. Practice (caryā): namely, the four kinds of bodhisattva practice. 10. Establishment (pratiṣṭhā): in Sanskrit *pratiṣṭhā*, establishing the one hundred and forty qualities of the Tathāgata; also called *vyavasthāna*, translated here as 'settling'; in the Sanskrit text there is no such term.