瑜伽師地論略纂 11.42

11.42

論云「或有多劫，無有一佛出現於世，或有一劫，有眾多佛出現於世」者，此如《俱舍論》，佛既三僧祇修已，更百劫中修相好業。為七日七夜說偈，越超餘佛九劫，於九十一劫修相好業，遂得成佛。往昔值定光如來、須扇多佛，是第三十二劫，自此以後更無佛出世，後於今劫有五佛出世，謂拘留孫佛乃至釋迦佛，後及彌勒，名為五佛。遂經此大劫無佛出現，故知賢劫以多劫為一劫，即彼論說。往昔值須扇多佛三千發願，一千一千為一會發心，故前劫中千佛已出世，是初一千人；第二賢劫千佛出世，是第二千人；後星宿劫千佛，名第三千也。又如《大智度論》劫欲成時，大海中有千葉蓮花，極善清淨，表此劫中千佛出世。豈葉有多少，隨佛多少？　以前相傳：今住劫中第九劫也。二十住劫中，前五無佛，後十無佛，第六劫佛方出世故，已有四佛，釋迦當第九劫也。今說不然。賢劫者，即二十住劫合為賢劫，非經成壞多時由名賢劫。即住劫中，今當第一住劫，已有四佛，餘劫餘佛出世。此西方傳釋。

Regarding the treatise's statement, "Or there may be many kalpas in which not a single Buddha appears in the world; or there may be a single kalpa in which numerous Buddhas appear in the world": this is like what is said in the *Abhidharmakośa-śāstra*, where after cultivating for three asaṃkhyeyas, a Buddha further cultivates the karma for the marks and signs over a hundred kalpas. Having spoken verses for seven days and seven nights, he surpassed other Buddhas by nine kalpas, cultivating the karma for the marks and signs over ninety-one kalpas, and thereupon attained buddhahood. In the past, he encountered the Tathāgata Dīpaṃkara and the Buddha Suśānta; this was during the thirty-second kalpa. From then on, no further Buddha appeared in the world. Later, in the present kalpa, five Buddhas appear in the world, namely Krakucchanda Buddha up to Śākyamuni Buddha, and later Maitreya; these are called the five Buddhas. Thus, throughout this great kalpa, no [other] Buddhas appeared; hence we know that in the Bhadrakalpa, multiple kalpas are taken as a single kalpa, which is just what that treatise states. In the past, when encountering the Buddha Suśānta, three thousand people made vows, generating the mind [for awakening] in assemblies of one thousand each; thus, the thousand Buddhas of the preceding kalpa who have already appeared were the first thousand people; the thousand Buddhas appearing in the second, the Bhadrakalpa, are the second thousand people; and the thousand Buddhas of the later Nakṣatrakalpa are called the third thousand. Furthermore, as stated in the *Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa*, when the kalpa is about to form, there is in the great ocean a thousand-petaled lotus flower, exceedingly pure, signifying that a thousand Buddhas will appear in this kalpa. Could the number of petals vary depending on the number of Buddhas? According to earlier tradition: we are presently in the ninth kalpa of the kalpas of abiding. Among the twenty kalpas of abiding, the first five have no Buddhas and the last ten have no Buddhas; because Buddhas only begin to appear from the sixth kalpa onward, four Buddhas have already appeared, with Śākyamuni falling in the ninth kalpa. The present exposition says this is not so. The Bhadrakalpa refers to the twenty kalpas of abiding combined into the Bhadrakalpa; it is not called the Bhadrakalpa because it spans long periods of formation and disintegration. That is, within the kalpas of abiding, we are currently in the first kalpa of abiding, four Buddhas have already appeared, and the remaining Buddhas will appear in the remaining kalpas. This is the tradition and explanation from the Western regions.