瑜伽師地論略纂 12.8

12.8

As for the treatise stating that "they can thoroughly keep far away from the fourteen defiling actions," the old [commentary] said that the six directions, the four bad friends, and the four good friends constitute the fourteen defiling actions. According to the Dīrgha-āgama, it is completely different from these six directions and the like. There are four of body and speech—killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, and false speech—and one does not commit evil based on these four; there are four causes of evil, namely, greed, anger, delusion, and fear, and one does not give rise to evil actions based on these four; and one keeps away from the six dharmas of squandering wealth, namely, addiction to liquor, gambling, licentiousness, infatuation with theatrical entertainments, harming one another through bad friends, and gradually complying with whatever they say. Among these six, each has six kinds, which cannot be cited in detail. Regarding "hiding the six directions," it is also as said in the Dīrgha-āgama: In the city of Rājagṛha there was the son of an elder named Singāla. Handed down across generations, in the early morning he constantly bowed to the six directions, bringing together the six spirits to constantly protect the family estate so that whatever was done would be successful. Suddenly, at that time he met the Buddha, who asked: "Is there such a Dharma?" He replied: "There is, but it is not the same as yours. Parents are the east; teachers and elders are the south; wife and children are the west; friends and relatives are the north; servants and attendants are the nadir; and śramaṇas of eminent virtue are the zenith." Within the six directions each has five matters, which cannot be cited in detail; it is explained at length as in that sūtra. By constantly hiding within these six directions, one does not give rise to arrogance or haughtiness; if one can abide in these six directions, it is therefore called hiding away. Regarding "keeping far away from the four bad friends," it is also as said there: first, a bad friend who seems affectionate, whom one yields to out of fear, but who truly has no affectionate intent; second, a bad friend of fine words, whose speech is compliant but whose intention is contrary; third, a bad friend of respectful compliance, whose mind, though respectful and compliant, nevertheless follows along with whatever wholesome or unwholesome actions are done, having no heart to admonish; fourth, a bad friend who is a companion in evil deeds, such as drinking liquor, gambling, debauchery, singing and dancing, and the like. Among these four, each has four kinds, which cannot be cited in detail. It is said that these four are hateful and one must keep far away from them.