瑜伽師地論略纂 7.11

7.11

Third, in the combined explanation of the five kinds of existence and non-existence, there are two parts: first, a general presentation; second, specific explanations. "The fourth is the non-dual characteristic", etc.: characteristics such as birth and aging are called distinctive characteristics; because they have no separate substance from the phenomena upon which they depend, they are called non-dual characteristics. Although they are positional designations, they exist as the six characteristics. "Characteristic of an entity", etc.: this refers to the conventional designations established by collective agreement among the six kinds of discourse mentioned above. "Whether the Tathāgata exists after passing away, or does not exist, etc., is inexpressible": all non-Buddhists conceptualize this liberated ātman/puruṣa and call it a 'Tathāgata', having the distinction of three bodies; whether it exists or does not exist is an inexpressible matter. Furthermore, the former is based on the absence of substance, whereas this is based on the wondrousness of substance; hence it is called profound. The five kinds of non-existence are the reverse of the five kinds of existence, as should be understood accordingly.