成唯識論述記 1.44

1.44

利樂有情。乃有多義。梵云薩埵此言有情。有情識故。今談眾生有此情識故名有情。無別能有。或假者能有此情識故亦名有情。又情者性也。有此性故。又情者愛也。能有愛生故。下第三云。若無本識復依何法建立有情。有情之體即是本識。言眾生者不善理也。卉木眾生。亦應利樂有情不同有六十二。如《瑜伽論》第二卷說。五趣。四姓。女．男．俱三。劣．中．妙三。在家等四。律儀等三。離欲等二。邪定等三。苾芻等七。習斷等十九。異生等四。聲聞等四。輪王為一。故今此論言諸有情。又教所被菩薩種姓。不定姓人。此類非一故言諸也。

"To benefit and gladden sentient beings": there are multiple meanings. In Sanskrit, sattva is rendered here as "sentient being" (youqing). Because they possess feeling and consciousness (qingshi), when speaking now of living beings possessing this feeling and consciousness, they are called "sentient beings." There is no separate agent that possesses them. Or, the provisional entity can possess this feeling and consciousness, so it is also called a "sentient being." Furthermore, qing means nature (svabhāva): because they possess this nature. Furthermore, qing means craving/attachment (priya/sneha): because they can give rise to attachment. Below in the third fascicle it says: "If there were no root consciousness, relying upon what dharma could sentient beings be established?" The essence of a sentient being is simply the root consciousness. The term "all living beings" (zhongsheng) does not accord well with the principle; for plants and trees are also living beings, yet should one also benefit and gladden them? There are sixty-two different types of sentient beings, as expounded in fascicle two of the Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra: five destinies, four castes, three of female, male, and both; three of inferior, middling, and superior; four of householders and so forth; three of moral restraint and so forth; two of those free from desire and so forth; three of those fixed in error and so forth; seven of bhikṣus and so forth; nineteen of those practicing cessation and so forth; four of ordinary beings and so forth; four of śrāvakas and so forth; and wheel-turning kings as one. Therefore, the present treatise says "all sentient beings." Furthermore, the ones targeted by the teaching are those of the bodhisattva lineage and those of indeterminate lineage; these kinds are not one, hence it says "all."