成唯識論述記 1.472

1.472

第二、十句相望，常、無常分別：大同及異、和合、有能、無能、俱分六句是常，非所作故。業唯無常，說是能作、所作事故。實、德、無說亦常、無常。九種實中，五是常，四分別，地、水、火、風非所作者常，父母極微非所作故。所作者無常，子微以去，皆無常故。餘五是常。二十四德中覺、樂、苦、欲、嗔、勤勇、法、非法、行、離、彼性、此性、聲、香十四德是無常。其香唯地上有，設是極微上有，亦是無常，如下引文。故十四德唯無常也。餘十或常，或無常。色、味、香、觸若地所有，唯是無常。因門中言：火合為因，若地所有色、味、香、觸等，同類為因，從前同類為因生故。由此准知，香唯無常，唯地有故。液性地、火所有一切是無常。數中二性等數，別性中二別性等，量中大性、微性、短性、長性，唯是無常。圓性定唯是常。并餘色、味、觸、一數、一別性、液性、潤、重性及合，隨所依實，若常、無常，此等亦爾。總有十法通常、無常。五無說中，三常，一無常，一亦常亦無常。初未生無一向無常，與實、德、業生相違故。此若生時，無便滅故。已滅無、更互無、畢竟無三，唯是常性，不違實等故。不會無有常、無常，如地等實，覺樂等德，不相應故，一向是常。若自許德與自許實雖未相應，當必相應，一向無常。如常、無常，所作、非所作亦爾。

Second, the distinction of permanent versus impermanent among the ten categories: The six categories of great generality, particularity, inherence, capacity, incapacity, and commonality-particularity are permanent, because they are not produced. Action is exclusively impermanent, because it is stated to be an active agent and a produced event. Substance, quality, and non-existence are also both permanent and impermanent. Among the nine kinds of substance, five are permanent, and four are distinguished: earth, water, fire, and wind that are not produced are permanent, because parent atoms are unproduced; those that are produced are impermanent, because from progeny atoms onward, all are impermanent. The remaining five are permanent. Among the twenty-four qualities, fourteen qualities—cognition, pleasure, pain, desire, aversion, effort, merit, demerit, impression, separation, otherness, thisness, sound, and smell—are impermanent. Smell exists solely on earth; even if it exists on atoms, it is still impermanent, as the text cited below states; therefore, the fourteen qualities are exclusively impermanent. The remaining ten are either permanent or impermanent. Color, taste, smell, and touch, if belonging to earth, are exclusively impermanent. As stated in the section on causes: union with fire serves as the cause; if color, taste, smell, touch, and so forth belong to earth, they take homogeneous factors as their cause, because they arise from a preceding homogeneous cause. From this one can infer that smell is exclusively impermanent, because it exists solely in earth. Fluidity belonging to earth and fire is entirely impermanent. Among numbers, numbers from twoness onward; among individualities, dual individuality and so forth; among dimensions, largeness, minuteness, shortness, and length are exclusively impermanent. Sphericity is definitively permanent only. In addition, the remaining color, taste, touch, the number one, single individuality, fluidity, viscidity, gravity, and conjunction—depending on whether their underlying substance is permanent or impermanent, these are also likewise. In total there are ten factors that are generally both permanent and impermanent. Among the five kinds of non-existence, three are permanent, one is impermanent, and one is both permanent and impermanent. The first, antecedent non-existence, is definitively impermanent, because it is contradictory to the arising of substance, quality, and action; when these arise, this non-existence is extinguished. The three of non-existence by destruction, mutual non-existence, and absolute non-existence are of an exclusively permanent nature, because they do not contradict substances and the like. Non-existence by non-union has permanent and impermanent aspects: just as between substances like earth and qualities like cognition and pleasure, because they do not correspond, it is definitively permanent; but if a quality admitted by oneself and a substance admitted by oneself have not yet corresponded but will certainly correspond in the future, it is definitively impermanent. Just as with permanent and impermanent, the produced and unproduced are also like this.