因明入正理論疏 3.228

3.228

問：「云何能立缺減等名為能破？能破理在出彼過言故。」答：「此於能破說所破名，據實能破在於言也。或於所作說能作名，能立缺減等為因，能起此能破言，名為能作。即能破言從起名為所作，破實在言，缺減能破等，是於所作立能作名，亦如於果立彼因號故也。或云：此唯約境，以下更云顯示此言，若前是言，何須後說？」

Question: 'Why are the deficiency in the proof and the rest called refutation? The principle of refutation lies in the words exposing those faults.' Answer: 'This applies the name of that which is refuted to the refutation; in fact, refutation lies in the words. Alternatively, the name of the agent is applied to that which is produced: deficiency in the proof and the like serve as the cause that can give rise to these words of refutation, so they are called the agent. That is, the words of refutation, arising from them, are called what is produced; the refutation truly lies in the words. Calling the deficiency "refutation" and so forth is applying the name of the agent to that which is produced, just as applying the designation of the cause to its result. Alternatively, it is said: this is solely in terms of the cognitive object, because below it further says "words demonstrating this"; if the former were already the words, why would they need to be mentioned subsequently?'