因明入正理論疏 2.6

2.6

Question: 'Why are the similarity and dissimilarity of the thesis called classes (pakṣa), while the similarity and dissimilarity of the reason are called properties (dharma)?' Answer: 'If similarity or dissimilarity concerns the general thesis in its aspect of inseparable category, it is called a class (pakṣa). If it is not similarity or dissimilarity with respect to the general thesis, nor is it similarity or dissimilarity with respect to the thesis's subject (dharmin), but only similarity or dissimilarity with respect to the property produced upon the subject, then it is called a dharma. Furthermore, this produced [aspect] is not the general probandum, so it cannot be named a class; it is called a dharma. Because the thesis is the general probandum, it is given the name of class, as the prover and the proved are different. Moreover, the similarity and dissimilarity of both reason and thesis combined are called dharma, while their distinct similarity and dissimilarity are called pakṣa; because these two are combined, they are called dharma. Just below, the similarity and dissimilarity of the two reasons, as well as the similarity and dissimilarity of the thesis above, are both distinct similarities and dissimilarities, and are therefore all called pakṣa.'