因明入正理論疏 3.34

3.34

Question: 'Among the three characteristics of the reason, what fault is it?' Answer: 'The opponent advances the thesis, saying, "Existence-ness is not substance"; the word "existence-ness" is the own-character of the subject. They state that apart from substance there is an entity, the Great Existence, which can possess substance. Although commonality-particularity has an entity apart from substance and so forth and can possess [them], it is not the Great Existence; so although it shares the property of the reason, it is precisely a dissimilar instance (vipakṣa) of the thesis to be established. For the Great Existence separate from substance, although there is no similar instance (sapakṣa), the reason "possessing one substance" is absent from the similar instance, while pervading and being present in its dissimilar instance, commonality-particularity. This is also a fault regarding the latter two characteristics of the reason: because it is absent from the similar instance and present in the dissimilar instance.'