因明義斷 1.66

1.66

《大乘心鏡論》明八支，龍樹菩薩造，羅什法師譯。撿之，一顛倒難有十種：一同相難（即《理門》第一同法相似）；二異相難（即《理門》第二異法相似）；三長相難（即《理門》第三分別相似）；四無異難（即《理門》第四無異相似）；五至不至難（即《理門》第八至不至相似）；六無因難（即《理門》第九無因相似）；七顯別因難（即《理門》第五可得相似）；八疑難（即《理門》第六猶豫相似）；九未說難（即《理門》第十無說相似）；十事異難（即《理門》第十二所作相似）。二不實難有三：一顯不許義難（即《理門》第十三生過相似）；餘二難，《理門》無。三相違難有三：一未生難（即《理門》第十一無生相似）；二常難（即《理門》第十四常住相似）；三自義相違難，《理門》所無。《理門》第七義，准《如實》復無，其中義旨如下當述。未撿《如實》，待後細尋，然唯此斯釋將故錄。

The Dacheng xinjing lun explains the eight members; composed by Bodhisattva Nāgārjuna, translated by Master Kumārajīva. Upon examination: First, perverse objections (viparyāsa-dūṣaṇa) have ten kinds: 1. objection by identical characteristic (the Nyāyamukha’s first, sādharmyasama); 2. objection by differing characteristic (the Nyāyamukha’s second, vaidharmyasama); 3. objection by excessive characteristic (the Nyāyamukha’s third, vikalpasama); 4. objection by non-difference (the Nyāyamukha’s fourth, aviśeṣasama); 5. objection by reaching or not reaching (the Nyāyamukha’s eighth, prāptyaprāptisama); 6. objection by absence of reason (the Nyāyamukha’s ninth, ahetusama); 7. objection by revealing another reason (the Nyāyamukha’s fifth, upalabdhisama); 8. objection by doubt (the Nyāyamukha’s sixth, saṃśayasama); 9. objection by unstatedness (the Nyāyamukha’s tenth, anuktisaṃsama); 10. objection by difference of fact (the Nyāyamukha’s twelfth, kāryasama). Second, unreal objections have three kinds: 1. objection by revealing an unaccepted meaning (the Nyāyamukha’s thirteenth, utpattisama); the remaining two objections are not in the Nyāyamukha. Third, contradictory objections have three kinds: 1. objection by unarisen (the Nyāyamukha’s eleventh, anutpattisama); 2. objection by permanence (the Nyāyamukha’s fourteenth, nityasama); 3. objection by contradiction with one's own doctrine, which is absent in the Nyāyamukha. The seventh meaning in the Nyāyamukha is also absent according to the Tarkaśāstra; the meaning therein will be discussed below. I have not yet checked the Tarkaśāstra and will investigate it closely later, but for now I record this explanation.