大乘義章 10.41

10.41

次就趣論。趣謂五趣，約就此處明三律儀通趣局之義。於中先明別解脫戒。毘曇法中，別解脫戒，人天身生，人天成就；餘趣難身，不生不成。成實法中，出家之戒局在人道，在家之戒人天鬼畜四趣中生，四趣成就。大乘戒法，人天鬼畜四趣中生，五趣皆成，一受得已常成就故。次論禪戒及無漏戒。《毘曇》、《成實》人天身生，人天成就。依《長阿含．天品》之中，鬼子母天亦得聖道，道必依禪。若從彼義，人天及鬼三趣中生，三趣中成。大乘法中，菩薩遍在五趣之中，皆生皆成。此云何知？如《華嚴經》，諸龍鬼等各於法門而得自在。《提謂經》中，諸龍鬼等聞法悟道。方等經中，地獄眾生遇佛光明，尋諸佛所聞法悟道。故知五趣皆成。問曰：若言地獄鬼畜得聖道者，云何名難？釋言：此等由佛強緣方能悟道，離佛不能，故名為難。趣別如是（此五門竟）。

Next is discussing them in terms of destines. Destinies refer to the five destinies; here we clarify how the three restraints apply broadly or restrictively to the destinies. Among them, we first clarify the prātimokṣa precepts. In the Abhidharma, the prātimokṣa precepts arise in human and deva bodies and are possessed by humans and devas; bodies in the difficulties of the other destinies neither give rise to nor possess them. In the Tattvasiddhi, the monastic precepts are restricted to the human destiny, while the householder precepts arise in the four destinies of humans, devas, pretas, and animals, and are possessed in the four destinies. In the Mahāyāna precept dharmas, they arise in the four destinies of humans, devas, pretas, and animals, and are possessed in all five destinies, because once received, they are possessed constantly. Next is discussing the dhyāna precepts and untainted precepts. In the Abhidharma and Tattvasiddhi, they arise in human and deva bodies and are possessed by humans and devas. According to the 'Heavenly Chapter' of the Dīrgha Āgama, Hārītī also attained the noble path, and the path must rely on dhyāna. If following that meaning, they arise in the three destinies of humans, devas, and pretas, and are possessed in the three destinies. In the Mahāyāna Dharma, bodhisattvas pervade all five destinies, and both give rise to and possess them in all. How is this known? As in the Avataṃsaka Sūtra, various nāgas, ghosts, and so forth each attain mastery in the Dharma-gates. In the Trapuṣa Sūtra, various nāgas, ghosts, and so forth hear the Dharma and awaken to the path. In Vaipulya sūtras, hell-beings who encounter the Buddha's light promptly go to where the Buddhas are, hear the Dharma, and awaken to the path. Therefore we know they are possessed in all five destinies. Question: If you say that beings in hells, pretas, and animals attain the noble path, why are they called 'difficulties'? The explanation is: because these [beings] can awaken to the path only through the strong condition of a Buddha, and cannot do so apart from a Buddha, they are called 'difficulties'. The distinctions of destinies are like this (this concludes the fifth gate).