大乘義章 13.75

13.75

次對十想辨其同異。十想如後十想章中具廣分別。九想望彼，有同有異。所言異者，如龍樹說：九想初學，十想終。初學為因，終成為果。又復九想遮未得定人婬欲之心，十想能滅。九想能遮，如似縛賊；十想能滅，如似斬賊。所言同者，同治貪欲，為涅槃因。於中相攝，論者不同。有人釋言：彼十想中不淨想者具攝九想。有人復言：十中不淨、食厭、世間不可樂想，具攝九想。復有人言：彼九想觀通攝十想。觀彼死相分分變異，即無常想。若著此法，無常壞時則生苦惱，即是苦想。無常苦故不得自在，即無我想。觀彼死想，九想觀身無一淨相，以不淨故，食雖在口，腦涎流下合而成味，咽之入腹即成不淨，無可貪著，即厭食想。以是九想厭離世間，即是世間不可樂想。九想觀身無常敗壞，即是死想。知此九想能斷煩惱，即名斷想。用此九想遮諸煩惱，即名離想。以九想觀令陰不生，即是盡想，亦名滅想。同異如是（此五門竟）。

Next, their similarities and differences are distinguished in comparison to the ten notions. The ten notions are distinguished extensively below in the chapter on the ten notions. In relation to them, the nine notions have both similarities and differences. As for the differences: as Nāgārjuna says, the nine notions are for beginners, while the ten notions are for the advanced; the beginners are the cause, and the advanced are the fruition. Furthermore, the nine notions suppress the lustful minds of those who have not yet attained samādhi, whereas the ten notions are able to eradicate it. That the nine notions can suppress is like binding a thief; that the ten notions can eradicate is like beheading a thief. As for the similarities: both counter greed and lust, serving as causes of nirvāṇa. Regarding their mutual subsumption, commentators differ. Some explain: among those ten notions, the notion of impurity fully subsumes the nine notions. Others say: among the ten, the notions of impurity, disgust with food, and dissatisfaction with the world fully subsume the nine notions. Still others say: the contemplation of the nine notions comprehensively subsumes the ten notions. Contemplating the progressive changes of those marks of death is itself the notion of impermanence. If one clings to these dharmas, when they are destroyed by impermanence suffering and distress arise, which is itself the notion of suffering. Because they are impermanent and suffering, one cannot obtain mastery, which is itself the notion of non-self. When contemplating those marks of death, the nine notions contemplate the body as lacking a single pure feature; because it is impure, even though food is in the mouth, saliva and brain-fluid flow down and combine with it to make flavor, and swallowing it into the belly makes it impure, with nothing to cling to in greed, which is itself the notion of disgust with food. Using these nine notions to turn away from the world in revulsion is itself the notion of dissatisfaction with the world. The nine notions contemplating the body as impermanent, rotting, and ruined is itself the notion of death. Knowing that these nine notions can sever afflictions is termed the notion of abandoning. Using these nine notions to ward off the afflictions is termed the notion of dispassion. Using the contemplation of the nine notions to cause the aggregates not to arise is itself the notion of cessation, also called the notion of extinction. Similarities and differences are like this (this concludes the fifth section).