大乘義章 17.8

17.8

次對緣覺中乘分別。經說聲聞、緣覺之別，略有二種：一約所觀法門以別。觀察四諦而得道者悉名聲聞，觀十二緣而得道者皆稱緣覺。若從是義，聲聞人中乃至七生須陀洹人，於最後身出無佛世，藉現事緣而得道者，亦名聲聞。此聲聞中，細分有二：一聲聞聲聞。是人本來求聲聞道，樂觀四諦成聲聞性，於最後身值佛為說四真諦法而得悟道。本聲聞性，今復聲聞而得道，故說之以為聲聞聲聞。二緣覺聲聞。是人本來求聲聞道，觀察四諦道悟初果，以鈍根故於現在世不得涅槃，天上人中七返受生，於最後身不值佛世，藉現事緣而得悟道，以藉事緣而得覺故說為緣覺。本聲聞性，觀察四諦而得道故，說為聲聞，是故名為緣覺聲聞。此是第一約對所觀法門以別。二約得道因緣以別。從佛聲聞而得道者悉名聲聞，藉現事緣而得道者皆稱緣覺。若從是義，聲聞人中從佛聞說十二緣法而得道者亦名聲聞。此聲聞，中細分有二：一聲聞聲聞。義如前解。二緣覺聲聞。是人本來求緣覺道，常樂觀察十二緣法成緣覺性，於最後身值佛為說十二緣法而得悟道。本緣覺性，今復聲聞而得道，故說之以為緣覺聲聞，如迦葉等則其人也。對中如是（此四門竟）。

Next is the distinction with respect to the intermediate vehicle of pratyekabuddhas. The sūtras explain the difference between śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas in roughly two ways: First, distinguishing them according to the teaching (dharma-paryāya) they contemplate. Those who attain the Way by contemplating the four truths are all named śrāvakas, while those who attain the Way by contemplating the twelve links of dependent origination are all called pratyekabuddhas. According to this meaning, even those among śrāvakas up to the srotāpanna of seven rebirths who, in their final lifetime, appear in an era without a Buddha and attain the Way by relying on present circumstantial conditions, are also named śrāvakas. Among such śrāvakas, a finer division yields two kinds: 1. Śrāvaka-śrāvakas. These persons originally sought the śrāvaka path, delighting in contemplating the four truths to form a śrāvaka nature; in their final lifetime, they encounter a Buddha who expounds the Dharma of the four noble truths for them, and they attain awakening to the Way. Being originally of śrāvaka nature, and now again attaining the Way through hearing the voice [of a Buddha], they are therefore said to be śrāvaka-śrāvakas. 2. Pratyekabuddha-śrāvakas. These persons originally sought the śrāvaka path and, contemplating the path of the four truths, were awakened to the first fruit. Because of dull faculties, they do not attain nirvāṇa in the present life, but undergo rebirth seven times between heaven and humanity. In their final lifetime, they do not encounter a Buddha's era, but attain awakening to the Way by relying on present circumstantial conditions. Because they attain awakening by relying on circumstantial conditions, they are said to be pratyekabuddhas; because they are originally of śrāvaka nature and attained the Way by contemplating the four truths, they are said to be śrāvakas. Therefore they are named pratyekabuddha-śrāvakas. This is the first distinction, made in terms of the teaching contemplated. Second, distinguishing them according to the conditions of attaining the Way. Those who attain the Way through hearing the voice from a Buddha are all named śrāvakas, while those who attain the Way by relying on present circumstantial conditions are all called pratyekabuddhas. According to this meaning, those among śrāvakas who hear a Buddha expound the Dharma of the twelve links of dependent origination and attain the Way are also named śrāvakas. Among these śrāvakas, a finer division yields two kinds: 1. Śrāvaka-śrāvakas, whose meaning is as explained before. 2. Pratyekabuddha-śrāvakas. These persons originally sought the pratyekabuddha path, always delighting in contemplating the Dharma of the twelve links to form a pratyekabuddha nature; in their final lifetime, they encounter a Buddha who expounds the Dharma of the twelve links for them, and they attain awakening to the Way. Being originally of pratyekabuddha nature, and now again attaining the Way through hearing the voice [of a Buddha], they are therefore said to be pratyekabuddha-śrāvakas—such as Kāśyapa and others. Such is the comparison with the intermediate [vehicle] (this concludes the fourth section).