大乘義章 17.7

17.7

次對大分別。如《法華論》，宣說聲聞有其四種：一種性聲聞。是人本來常習小法、小性成就，於最後身值佛出世、樂欲小法，佛依為說，證得小果。從本立稱，名種性聲聞。二退菩提心聲聞。是人過去曾習大法，流轉生死忘失本念，於最後身值佛出世、樂欲小法，佛依現欲為說小法，證得小果。本學大乘，今退住小，名退菩提心聲聞。三增上慢聲聞。於小法中未得謂得、未證謂證，此實凡夫。四應化聲聞。謂諸菩薩，隨化示小。四中前二是實聲聞，後二非實。於前二中，種性聲聞於佛一化決定住小不能入大，是故此人望後亦名決定聲聞；未來無餘涅槃之後，心想生時方能向大。退心聲聞初雖住小，以本習故終能入大。故《法華》云「除先修習學小乘者，我今亦令入是法法中。」對大如是（此三門竟）。

Next is distinguishing them relative to the Great [Vehicle]. As the Saddharmapuṇḍarīkopadeśa proclaims, there are four kinds of śrāvakas: First, lineage śrāvakas. These persons originally always practiced small teachings and accomplished a small nature; in their final body, encountering a Buddha's appearance in the world, they delight in small teachings, and the Buddha, relying on this, preaches for them so that they realize the small fruit. Establishing the designation from their origin, they are called lineage śrāvakas. Second, śrāvakas who retrogress from the bodhicitta. These persons practiced the great teachings in the past, but wandering in saṃsāra they forgot their original mindfulness; in their final body, encountering a Buddha's appearance in the world, they delight in small teachings, and the Buddha, relying on their present desire, preaches the small teachings for them so that they realize the small fruit. Originally studying the Mahāyāna, they now retrogress and abide in the small; they are called śrāvakas who retrogress from the bodhicitta. Third, śrāvakas of overweening pride. Within the small teachings, they deem what is not yet attained as attained, and what is not yet realized as realized; these are actually ordinary persons. Fourth, transformed śrāvakas. These refer to bodhisattvas who display the small in accord with transforming others. Among the four, the first two are real śrāvakas, while the latter two are not real. Of the first two, lineage śrāvakas in one teaching era of a Buddha definitely abide in the small and cannot enter the great; therefore, in anticipation of later times, such a person is also called a determined śrāvaka. Only in the future, after the nirvāṇa without remainder, when ideations arise in the mind, will they be able to head toward the great. Although śrāvakas of retrogressed mind initially abide in the small, because of their original habituation they will ultimately be able to enter the great. Thus the Lotus Sūtra says, 'Except for those who previously cultivated and studied the Hīnayāna, whom I now also cause to enter this Dharma of dharmas.' Distinguishing them relative to the great is like this (this concludes the third section).