大乘義章 2.62

2.62

第五約就三性分別。性謂善、惡、無記法也。義別有五：一就體分別，數滅唯善，餘二無記。二對人分別，順益名善，違損稱惡，非損益者說為無記。若從是義，數滅唯善，以順益故。虛空無為一向無記，非損益故。非數無為，義合三性：三塗苦報非數滅者，有順益義，義說為善；未來樂果非數滅者，有違損義，義說為惡；餘非損益，義說無記。三對理分別，順理名善，違理名惡，非違順者說為無記。若從是義，數滅唯善，以其離相順理成故；餘二無記也，非違順故。四對因分別，善因得者名之為善，不善因得名為不善，不為違順二種因得名為無記。若從是義，數滅無為一向是善，善因得故。虛空無為一向無記，不為善惡二因得故。非數無為義通三性：戒施等故，令惡不起，名之為善；邪見等故，令善不生，名之為惡；餘名無記。五對果分別，能生樂報名之為善，生苦名惡，餘名無記。若從是義，三無為法俱是無記，不作生因記得果故。

Fifth, distinguishing in terms of the three natures. 'Nature' refers to wholesome, unwholesome, and indeterminate dharmas. There are five distinct aspects: First, distinguishing in terms of essence: cessation through deliberation is solely wholesome; the other two are indeterminate. Second, distinguishing in relation to persons: conforming to benefit is called wholesome; opposing and harming is termed unwholesome; that which is neither harming nor beneficial is spoken of as indeterminate. If following this meaning, cessation through deliberation is solely wholesome, because it conforms to benefit. The unconditioned of space is categorically indeterminate, because it is neither harming nor beneficial. The unconditioned of non-deliberation combines the three natures in meaning: the non-deliberation cessation of the painful retribution of the three wretched destinies possesses a beneficial meaning and is conceptually described as wholesome; the non-deliberation cessation of future pleasant fruits possesses a harmful meaning and is conceptually described as unwholesome; the remainder, being neither harmful nor beneficial, is conceptually described as indeterminate. Third, distinguishing in relation to principle: conforming to principle is called wholesome; contravening principle is called unwholesome; that which neither contravenes nor conforms is spoken of as indeterminate. If following this meaning, cessation through deliberation is solely wholesome, because it is accomplished by departing from characteristics and conforming to principle; the other two are indeterminate, because they neither contravene nor conform. Fourth, distinguishing in relation to cause: that which is obtained by a wholesome cause is called wholesome; that which is obtained by an unwholesome cause is called unwholesome; that which is not obtained by either of the two causes of contravening or conforming is called indeterminate. If following this meaning, the unconditioned of cessation through deliberation is categorically wholesome, because it is obtained by a wholesome cause. The unconditioned of space is categorically indeterminate, because it is obtained by neither wholesome nor unwholesome causes. The unconditioned of non-deliberation's meaning extends across the three natures: causing evil not to arise on account of morality, giving, and so forth is called wholesome; causing good not to arise on account of wrong views and so forth is called unwholesome; the remainder is called indeterminate. Fifth, distinguishing in relation to fruit: being able to produce pleasant retribution is called wholesome; producing suffering is called unwholesome; the remainder is called indeterminate. If following this meaning, the three unconditioned dharmas are all indeterminate, because they do not act as productive causes to obtain fruits.