大乘義章 5.19

5.19

三使之義，出在《相續解脫經》中。煩惱之性，隨而繫縛，名之為使。使義不同，一門說三：一害伴使、二者羸使、三者細使。論其體性，乃是四住性成之結，麁細不同分為此三。言害伴者，四住使中麁品之使，能生現起諸煩惱結，所生煩惱與彼能生麁使為伴。初至五地斷除彼使，伴亦同已，名害伴使。故彼經言「不俱生惑與彼俱生煩惱為伴。初至五地，修習抑止令其不行，名害伴也。」不俱生者，猶是所生現起煩惱對緣現生，不同使性與報俱起，名不俱生。言俱生者，猶是能生麁品之結，久習性成，與報俱起，名曰俱生。不俱煩惱，與俱生使相隨名伴。斷彼使地，伴亦隨傾，故說害伴。此舉害伴，彰其所伴使之麁也。言羸使者，四住使中中品之使，微劣於前，不能發生現起煩惱，故名為羸。言細使者，四住使中下品之使，殘餘習氣，微下於前，故名為細。名義如是。

The doctrine of the three proclivities (anuśaya) originates in the *Saṃdhinirmocana-sūtra*. The nature of defilement is to follow along and bind; hence it is called a "proclivity." The senses of proclivity vary, but in one approach three are explained: first, the companion-destroying proclivity; second, the weakened proclivity; and third, the subtle proclivity. In terms of their intrinsic nature, they are fetters formed by the nature of the four entrenchments (vāsanā-bhūmi), divided into these three according to differences in coarseness and subtlety. "Companion-destroying" refers to the coarse grade among the proclivities of the four entrenchments: they are able to generate various currently active defilements and fetters, and the generated defilements serve as companions to those coarse generating proclivities. When from the first to the fifth stage (bhūmi) one severs and eliminates those proclivities, their companions are simultaneously put to an end; hence it is called the "companion-destroying proclivity." Therefore, that sūtra states: "Defilements that do not co-arise serve as companions to those co-arising defilements. When from the first to the fifth stage one cultivates restraint and causes them not to operate, this is called 'companion-destroying.'" "Those that do not co-arise" refers to the generated, currently active defilements that arise presently in response to conditions; because they are unlike the nature of proclivities which arise along with retribution, they are called "not co-arising." "Co-arising" refers to the coarse grade of fetters that are able to generate [them]; having been formed into nature through long habituation, they arise along with retribution, hence they are called "co-arising." The non-co-arising defilements accompany the co-arising proclivities, which is called being their "companions." At the stage where those proclivities are severed, their companions are also uprooted along with them; hence it is said to "destroy companions." Mentioning the destruction of companions here illustrates the coarseness of the proclivities they accompany. "Weakened proclivity" refers to the middling grade among the proclivities of the four entrenchments; being more subtle and inferior than the former, they are unable to generate currently active defilements, hence they are called "weakened." "Subtle proclivity" refers to the lower grade among the proclivities of the four entrenchments; being residual latencies (vāsanā) that are more subtle and inferior than the preceding, they are called "subtle." Such are their names and meanings.