大乘義章 8.12

8.12

次就五趣辨其通局。四生之中，化生一種全攝二趣及三少分。全攝二者，諸天、地獄一向化生。三少分者，人鬼及畜少分有之。如劫初時，人鬼及畜一切化生，今時多無，故曰少分。胎生一種，人鬼及畜少分有之，餘趣全無。卵濕二生，唯在人畜，餘趣皆無。人中卵生，如毘舍兒。毘舍法母生其肉卵，卵中有其三十二兒，如是等類是卵生人。人濕生者，如頂生王。過去有王名曰善住，頂生肉胞，十月滿足中生一兒，因字頂生，如是等。此是濕生人。畜生道中，卵濕可知。

Next, explaining applicability and non-applicability with respect to the five destinies. Among the four modes of birth, the single category of apparitional birth entirely subsumes two destinies and a small portion of three. "Entirely subsuming two" means that devas and hell beings are exclusively born apparition-born. "A small portion of three" means that humans, ghosts, and animals have it to a small extent. For example, at the beginning of the kalpa, humans, ghosts, and animals were all apparition-born; nowadays they are mostly absent, which is why it is called a small portion. The single category of womb-birth is possessed by a small portion of humans, ghosts, and animals, and is completely absent in the remaining destinies. The two modes of birth, egg and moisture, exist only among humans and animals, and are completely absent in the remaining destinies. Egg-birth among humans is like the children of Viśākhā: Mother Viśākhā gave birth to a fleshy egg, within which were thirty-two children; such cases are egg-born humans. Moisture-born humans are like King Mūrdhata: in the past, there was a king named Supratiṣṭhita from whose crown a fleshy swelling grew, and when ten months were completed a child was born from within it, hence given the name Mūrdhata; such cases are moisture-born humans. Within the animal destiny, egg and moisture are self-evident.