肇論疏 1.81

1.81

第二、據理以明空也。文中有二：先，正據理以明空；後，引二經證成也。今言然則者，若然則皆空也。果者，果敢決定義。所以者，是義也。萬物有不有義、有不無義，故云爾也。有其所以不有故雖有而非有者下，諸本多云「有其所以不無」，今勘古本，正應言不有，文義亦應然也。人謂萬物是有，今明萬物有不有義，故雖有非是有。下句反此也。雖無而非無無者不絕虛者，雖是無而非定無，則此無不同大虛永絕。下句反此也。若有不即真無不夷迹者，有非定有，故云不即真。無不泯滅，故云不夷迹。夷，平也。《老子》云：視之不見名曰夷也。迹者，事相之迹。即事是無，不待夷平然後始無耳。然則有無稱異其致一也者，名殊而理一也。

Second, clarifying emptiness based on principle. In the text there are two parts: first, properly clarifying emptiness based on principle; later, citing two scriptures to verify and establish it. Now, saying 'thus' means that if it is so, then all are empty. 'Indeed' (*guo*) carries the meaning of resolute determination. 'That whereby' (*suoyi*) means the principle. The myriad things possess the principle of not being existent, and possess the principle of not being non-existent, hence it is said thus. From 'having that whereby they are not existent, therefore though they exist, they are not existent' onward: most editions say, 'having that whereby they are not non-existent,' but now, having examined the old edition, it properly should say 'not existent,' and the textual meaning should also be so. People deem the myriad things to be existent; here it is clarified that the myriad things have the principle of not being existent, therefore though they exist, they are not existent. The clause below is the reverse of this. 'Though they are non-existent, they are not non-existent; being non-existent does not mean being utterly void': though it is non-existent, it is not determinately non-existent, and thus this non-existence is not identical with the great void that is forever cut off. The clause below is the reverse of this. 'If existence is not identical with reality, non-existence does not level out traces': existence is not determinately existent, hence it is said to not be identical with reality; non-existence does not mean annihilation, hence it is said not to level out traces. *Yi* means to level. *Laozi* says: 'Looking at it and not seeing it is called *yi*.' Traces refer to the traces of phenomenal characteristics. Phenomena as such are non-existent; it does not require leveling them flat before they are non-existent. 'Thus, existence and non-existence differ in designation, yet their purport is one': the names differ, but the principle is one.