肇論新疏 1.64

1.64

"Birth-and-death" is the truth of suffering (duḥkha-satya). Joined with the preceding, these are the three defilements, also called the three obstacles. These three obstacles mutually depend on one another and can obstruct nirvāṇa; here, in terms of the path of remedy, they are collectively spoken of as "exhausted." If spoken of separately, karma such as the ten evils can be eliminated at the stage of faith. Affliction has root and branch: the root is fundamental non-enlightenment, and the branch is branch non-enlightenment. Within the branches there are again seven categories, namely the three subtle and four coarse. Birth-and-death is also twofold: first, fragmentary; second, transformational. From the three stages of worthies before the grounds, one severs the coarsest of the coarse, and further contemplates and learns to sever fundamental ignorance. From the path of vision up to the seventh ground, one severs the subtle within the coarse; at that time fragmentary [birth-and-death] is exhausted. From the eighth ground up to the final ground, one severs the three subtle [aspects] of the ālaya and fundamental ignorance; at that time transformational [birth-and-death] is also eradicated. Since this treatise takes the One Vehicle as its doctrine, it is explained solely according to the Awakening of Faith; the detailed explanation is as found there.