大乘法苑義林章 4.25

4.25

Third, regarding identifying their essential nature (svabhāva): these take two of the five views as their essence: first, extreme view (antagrāhadṛṣṭi), and second, false view (mithyādṛṣṭi). The first fascicle of the Abhidharmasamuccaya asks: "Question: Which views subsume the sixty-two views? Answer: Either two, or all [five]." Buddhasiṃha explains: "'Two' is due to essential nature. 'All' is due to their retinue." The fifty-eighth fascicle of the Yogācārabhūmi and the sixth fascicle of the Cheng weishi lun state: "Regarding the divisions of extreme view, clinging to the future limit via the four theories of universal eternalism, the four theories of partial eternalism, and, positing the future limit, the sixteen theories of conscious survival, the eight theories of unconscious survival, the eight theories of neither, and the seven theories of annihilation, etc., are subsumed under extreme clinging view." The fifty-eighth fascicle of the Yogācārabhūmi states: "The sixty-two views subsumed under eternalist views are the theories of universal eternalism and partial eternalism that posit the past limit, and the theories of conscious survival, unconscious survival, and neither-conscious-nor-unconscious survival that posit the future limit. Those subsumed under annihilationist views are the theories of sevenfold annihilation. Eternalist views subsume forty, and annihilationist views subsume seven; together, extreme views subsume forty-seven in total." The Cheng weishi lun and the fifty-eighth fascicle state: "The divisions of false view are: those clinging to the past limit, namely the two theories of causelessness, the four theories of finitude, etc., and the four theories of amarāvikkhepa; and those positing the future limit, namely the five theories of nirvāṇa in the present life. In this way, false view subsumes fifteen views. Therefore, it is said that their essential nature is subsumed under two views. If their retinues are included, they are subsumed under the five views, because those of the same class and outflows induce and generate one another. Thus, it is shown that they are common to the unwholesome and the obscured-unmanifest, and are subsumed under the mental factor of discriminative wisdom (viniyata-mati)."