大乘法苑義林章 5.8

5.8

Question: Why are [the arhats of] wisdom-liberation and twofold liberation established? Answer: Due to eliminating the two hindrances of samādhi and wisdom, two kinds are also established. What is wisdom-liberation? When one has been able to realize the perpetual exhaustion of all outflows, but has not yet bodily realized and fully abided in the eight liberations, this is called 'wisdom-liberation'. The meaning here is that there are two kinds of hindrances: first, the affliction hindrance, which can hinder noble wisdom from attaining the fruit of arhat; second, the phenomenal hindrance, spoken of in terms of its prominence. Only the joy, pleasure, and equanimity feelings born of ripening have an inferior hindrance, whereby one is unwilling to advance and seek the higher meditative attainments, being subsumed under the hindrance to the knowable. Because this person can only sever the first hindrance, the bondage of wisdom is freed. Wisdom means discernment; being free from bondage, it is called 'liberation'. Liberation of wisdom is called 'wisdom-liberation'. Furthermore, arhats who attain the cessation attainment are called 'twofold liberation', because through the power of wisdom and samādhi they are liberated from afflictions and liberated from hindrances. Question: Why are the remaining six kinds of arhats established? Answer: In terms of differences in spiritual lineage, six distinct types are established.