大乘入道次第 1.31

1.31

二、釋名者，先總，後別。言總名者，《解深密經》及《瑜伽》云：何緣此名波羅蜜多？由五緣故，一無染著，不染著波羅蜜多相違事故。二無顧戀，謂於一切波羅蜜多諸果異熟及報恩中，心無繫故。三無罪過，謂於如是波羅蜜多無間雜染法，離非方便行故。四無分別，謂於如是波羅蜜多，不如言詞執著自相故。五正迴向，謂如是所作所集波羅蜜多，迴求無上大菩提果故。又《對法論》云：「到所知彼岸，名波羅蜜多。」又，波羅是所知彼岸義，蜜多是到義。釋別名者，《攝論》云：「能裂慳悋貧窮，及能引得廣大財位福德，故名為施。能息滅惡戒惡趣，及能引得善趣、等持，故名為戒。能滅盡忿怒怨讐，及能善住自安隱故，故名為忍。妙能遠離所有懈怠惡不善法，及能出生無量善法，故名精進。能銷除彼所有散動，及能引得內心安住，故名靜慮。能除遣一切見趣諸邪惡慧，及能貞實品別知法，故名為慧。」

Second, as for explaining the names: first general, and then specific.

Regarding the general name, the Saṃdhinirmocana-sūtra and the Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra state: For what reasons are these called pāramitās? Due to five reasons: 1. Non-attachment, because there is no attachment to matters contrary to the pāramitās. 2. Non-longing, meaning that regarding all the karmic fruits, retributions, and repaying of kindness of the pāramitās, the mind is unbound. 3. Faultlessness, meaning that regarding these pāramitās there are no uninterrupted defiled dharmas, and they are free from non-skillful practice. 4. Non-conceptualization, meaning that regarding these pāramitās, one does not cling to their self-characteristics according to verbal expressions. 5. Correct dedication of merit, meaning that regarding the pāramitās performed and accumulated in this way, one dedicates them toward seeking the fruit of unsurpassed great bodhi.

Furthermore, the Abhidharmasamuccaya states: "Reaching the other shore of the knowable is called pāramitā." Moreover, pāra means "the other shore of the knowable," and mita means "reached."

Explaining the specific names: The Mahāyānasaṃgraha states: "Being able to tear away stinginess and poverty, and being able to attract vast wealth, status, and merit, it is called giving. Being able to extinguish bad precepts and bad destinies, and being able to attract good destinies and samādhi, it is called precepts. Being able to eradicate anger and enmity, and being able to abide well in one's own peace, it is called patience. Being wonderfully able to leave behind all laxity and unwholesome dharmas, and being able to give rise to immeasurable wholesome dharmas, it is called vigor. Being able to dispel all distractions and agitations, and being able to attract the inner mind's peaceful abiding, it is called meditation. Being able to eliminate all views and tendencies of wrong and evil wisdom, and being able to know dharmas truly and category by category, it is called wisdom."