華嚴五十要問答 2.5

2.5

Question: How is the meaning of obstacles distinguished in the various teachings? Answer: If according to the Hīnayāna, the various propensities, entwinements, defilements, and so forth are the names and numbers of obstacles. These names of obstacles apply broadly to the initial teaching of the triyāna, and indirectly to the other teachings. Why is this? Because while the names of the afflictions are the same, their meanings have depth and shallowness. Therefore, the two obstacles of affliction and wisdom, the obstacles of affliction and knowable objects, the eight delusions, the twenty-two [forms of] ignorance, and so forth pertain directly to the initial teaching of the triyāna, and indirectly to the final teaching of the triyāna. The afflictions of the five levels of resting-ground, the three obstacles of skin, flesh, and mind, the four obstacles of the icchantika, the eleven obstacles of worldly ignorance, and so forth pertain to the direct advancement stages of the triyāna, and indirectly to the final teaching and so forth. As for the afflictions above: one affliction is all obstacles, and one severance is all severances—this belongs to the Ekayāna teaching, as explained below.