佛制比丘六物圖 1.91

1.91

三、定量。《四分》：「長佛二搩手，（準《五分》：『佛一搩手。』周尺二尺，則長四尺也。量時尺寸須定，微出量外，律結正犯。）廣一搩手半（即三尺也）。」上是本制量。《律》云：「時迦留陀夷身大，尼師壇小，對佛說之，便聽更增廣、長各半搩手。」（各增一尺。）此是後聽。《戒疏》云：「更增者，開緣也。還從本制，限外別增。」（有執增量為制，非也。）又云：「即世為言，衣服、座具皆樂廣大，食飲、受用並樂華厚。」（云云。）然捨制從開，理雖通得，但迦留極大，止加半搩，今時卑陋，豈是初量不容耶？苟曰不然，請以誠證。《鈔》云：「如法作者，準初量已，截斷施緣。若座時，膝在地上者，依增量，一頭一邊接裨之。此是定教正文。」（故知膝不出地，亦不在增。或言「初量是廢前教」，非也。）然前代但於長頭、廣邊各增一尺，後天人告祖師云：「縱使四周具貼，不違半搩之文。但翻譯語略，云『各半搩』耳，十字而論，即是四周之義。」坐具四貼，由此始矣。

Third, determining the measurements. The Dharmaguptaka-vinaya: "Two Buddha-spans in length, (According to the Pañcavargika-vinaya: 'One Buddha-span is two chi by the Zhou ruler; thus the length is four chi.' When measuring, the feet and inches must be fixed; if it slightly exceeds the measure, the Vinaya establishes a primary offence.) and one and a half spans in breadth (which is three chi)." The above is the original prescribed measure. The Vinaya says: "At that time Kālodāyin's body was large and his niṣīdana was small; he spoke of this to the Buddha, who thereupon permitted increasing the length and breadth by half a span each." (Each increased by one chi.) This is a later allowance. The Jieshu says: "To increase it further is an exceptional allowance. One still proceeds from the original prescription, making a separate increase beyond the limit." (Some who hold the increased measurement to be the regular rule are mistaken.) It also says: "Speaking of the present world, people all delight in vast and large clothing and seat-mats, and all delight in sumptuous and heavy food and drink and utensils." (And so on.) Although departing from the prescription to follow the allowance is theoretically tenable, yet Kālodāyin was exceptionally large and was only granted an addition of half a span; how could people nowadays, being lowly and small, find the initial measurement inadequate? If one says it is not so, please refer to authoritative proof. The Shichao says: "To make it according to the Dharma, after following the initial measure, one cuts it off and applies a border. If when sitting one's knees touch the ground, one relies on the increased measure and joins an addition along one end and one side. This is the definitive canonical text." (Thus we know that if one's knees do not touch the ground, one does not make the increase. Some say that 'the initial measure abolishes the earlier teaching,' which is mistaken.) However, past generations only increased one chi along the length end and one chi along the breadth side; later, a deva told the Patriarch: "Even if one patches all four sides, it does not violate the text of 'half a span.' It is only that the translation's wording was concise, saying merely 'half a span each'; considered as a cross-measurement, it precisely means all four sides." The four patches of the sitting mat began from this.