摩訶止觀 5.37

5.37

三障四魔者，《普賢觀》云：「閻浮提人三障重故。」陰入、病患是報障；煩惱、見、慢是煩惱障；業、魔、禪、二乘、菩薩是業障。障止觀不明靜，塞菩提道，令行人不得通至五品、六根清淨位，故名為「障」。四魔者，陰入正是陰魔；業、禪、二乘、菩薩等是行陰，名為陰魔。煩惱、見、慢等是煩惱魔。病患是死因，名死魔。魔事是天子魔。魔名「奪者」。破觀名「奪命」；破止名「奪身」。又魔名「磨訛」，磨觀訛令黑闇；磨止訛令散逸，故名為魔（云云）。

As for the three obstacles and four Māras, the Puxian guan [jing] says: "Because the people of Jambudvīpa have heavy three obstacles." The aggregates, sense-bases, and illness are the karmic-retribution obstacle; defilements, views, and pride are the defilement obstacle; karma, Māra, dhyāna, the two vehicles, and the bodhisattva are the karmic obstacle. They obstruct calming and contemplation so that they are not clear and still, and block the path to bodhi, preventing the practitioner from advancing to the five ranks and the stage of purity of the six sense faculties; therefore they are called "obstacles." As for the four Māras: the aggregates and sense-bases are precisely the aggregate-Māra; karma, dhyāna, the two vehicles, the bodhisattva, and so forth are the formation aggregate and are called the aggregate-Māra. Defilements, views, pride, and so forth are the defilement-Māra. Illness is the cause of death and is called the death-Māra. Māra affairs are the devaputra-Māra. Māra means "destroyer": destroying contemplation is called "destroying life"; destroying calming is called "destroying the body." Again, Māra means "rubbing astray": rubbing contemplation astray causes darkness; rubbing calming astray causes dissipation. Therefore it is called Māra (and so on).