釋禪波羅蜜次第法門 3.49

3.49

第一、列善法章門者，善有二種：一者、外善；二者、內善。今就明外善中，善乃眾多，略出五種：一、布施；二、持戒；三、孝順父母師長；四、信敬三寶，精勤供養；五、讀誦聽學。略以此等五種善根，示表外善發相不同。所以悉屬外善者，原其本行悉是散心中修習，未能出離欲界，發諸禪定無漏，故說為外善。二、明內善者，即是五門禪：一、阿那波那門；二、不淨觀門；三、慈心門；四、因緣門；五、念佛三昧門。此五法門通攝一切諸禪，發諸無漏，故名為內善。

First, regarding listing the headings of wholesome dharmas, wholesome dharmas are of two kinds: first, external wholesome dharmas; second, internal wholesome dharmas. Now, in explaining external wholesome dharmas, wholesome acts are indeed numerous, but five kinds are briefly outlined: 1. Giving; 2. Maintaining precepts; 3. Filial piety towards parents, masters, and elders; 4. Faithfully revering the Three Jewels and diligently making offerings; 5. Chanting, reciting, listening, and studying. These five kinds of wholesome roots are briefly used to illustrate that the arising signs of external wholesome dharmas are not uniform. The reason they all belong to external wholesome dharmas is that their original practice was entirely cultivated in a distracted mind; because they were not yet able to transcend the desire realm and bring forth undefiled dhyāna-concentrations, they are called external wholesome dharmas. Second, explaining internal wholesome dharmas: these are the five gates of dhyāna: 1. The gate of ānāpāna; 2. The gate of contemplation of impurity; 3. The gate of the mind of loving-kindness; 4. The gate of causes and conditions; 5. The gate of the samādhi of mindfulness of the Buddha. These five Dharma gates comprehensively subsume all dhyānas and bring forth the undefiled, and are therefore called internal wholesome dharmas.