釋禪波羅蜜次第法門 5.165

5.165

第二、明修習方法者，如上一行偈說，是樂「聖人得能捨，餘人捨為難。若能知樂患，見不動大安」。佛此偈具明修四禪方便。所以者何？行者欲得四禪，當應深見三禪過患。云何見過？初欲得樂，一心勤求，大為辛苦，既得守護愛著，是亦為苦。一旦失壞，則復受苦，是故經說：「第三禪中樂，無常動故苦。」又此樂法覆念，令不清淨，行者既深見三禪樂有大苦之患，應一心厭離，求四禪種不動定，爾時於三禪邊地當修六行方法，例如前說，亦應用於三法除遣：一、不著；二、訶責；三、觀析。行此三法，即三禪謝滅，而四禪未到中間，必有定前發，與觀相應等相貌，並如上說，不同憂、喜。過如前說。

Second, explaining the method of cultivation: As the one gāthā verse above says, this bliss 'The noble ones are able to renounce it, / for other people, renouncing it is difficult. / If one can know the affliction of bliss, / one sees the great peace of the unshakeable.' In this verse, the Buddha fully explains the expedient means for cultivating the fourth dhyāna. Why is this? If a practitioner wishes to attain the fourth dhyāna, one should profoundly perceive the faults and afflictions of the third dhyāna. How does one see the faults? Initially, wanting to attain bliss, one diligently seeks it with single-mindedness, which is great hardship; having attained it, guarding and clinging to it is also suffering; should it once be lost and destroyed, one again undergoes suffering. Therefore the sūtra says: 'The bliss in the third dhyāna / is suffering because it is impermanent and fluctuating.' Furthermore, this dharma of bliss covers mindfulness and makes it impure. Having profoundly seen that the bliss of the third dhyāna has the affliction of great suffering, the practitioner should single-mindedly feel revulsion and detachment, seeking the unshakeable absorption of the fourth dhyāna seed. At that time, in the peripheral stage of the third dhyāna, one should cultivate the method of the six reflections as explained previously, and should also apply three dharmas to eliminate and dispel it: first, non-attachment; second, reproaching; third, analytical contemplation. Practicing these three dharmas, the third dhyāna ceases, and in the interim before reaching the fourth dhyāna, there will certainly be an absorption manifesting beforehand, associated with contemplation, etc., all of whose characteristics are as explained above, differing from grief and joy. The faults are as explained earlier.