法界次第初門 1.224

1.224

次三歸而辨五戒者，《大智度論》云：「念佛如醫王，念法如服藥，念僧如瞻病人，念戒如藥禁忌。」今所以次三歸而明諸戒品，意在此也。故佛為提謂等在家弟子受三歸已，即授五戒，為優婆塞。若在家佛弟子破此五戒，則非清信士、女。故經云：「五戒者，天下大禁忌。若犯五戒，在天則違五星，在地則違五嶽，在方則違五帝，在身則違五藏。」如是等世間違犯無量。若約出世，犯五戒者，則破五分法身一切佛法。所以者何？五戒是一切大、小乘尸羅根本。若犯五戒，則不得更受大、小乘戒也。若能堅持，即是五大施也。此五通名戒者，以防、止為義，能防惡律儀無作之非，止三業所起之惡，故名防止。

The explanation of the five precepts after the three refuges is given because the Dazhidulun states: "Recollecting the Buddha is like [relying on] a king of physicians; recollecting the Dharma is like taking medicine; recollecting the Saṅgha is like an attendant caring for a sick person; recollecting the precepts is like the dietary restrictions for the medicine." The intention in now clarifying the various categories of precepts after the three refuges lies precisely here. Therefore, after the Buddha conferred the three refuges on lay disciples such as Trapuṣa, he immediately conferred the five precepts, making them upāsakas. If a lay Buddhist disciple breaks these five precepts, they are not a pure layman or laywoman. Therefore a sūtra says: "The five precepts are the great prohibitions under heaven. If one violates the five precepts, in heaven one runs counter to the five stars, on earth one runs counter to the five sacred peaks, in the directions one runs counter to the five emperors, and in the body one runs counter to the five viscera." Transgressions in the mundane world such as these are immeasurable. In terms of the supramundane, one who violates the five precepts destroys the fivefold dharmakāya and all of the Buddha-Dharma. Why is this? The five precepts are the root of all śīla of the Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna. If one violates the five precepts, one may not receive any further precepts of the Mahāyāna or Hīnayāna. If one can hold them firmly, they are precisely the five great gifts. These five are universally called "precepts" (jie) because they have the meaning of preventing and stopping: they can prevent the fault of the non-informative [karma] of unwholesome discipline, and stop the evil arisen from the three karmic actions; hence they are named "preventing and stopping."