四教義 6.5

6.5

Third, explaining the stage of those liberated through faith: this is when a follower through faith enters the path of cultivation and changes their name to a person liberated through faith. The dull-rooted rely on faith in others to advance and generate true understanding; hence they are called 'liberated through faith'. For this person liberated through faith, realization of fruits is of three kinds: first, realizing the fruit of stream-enterer; second, realizing the fruit of once-returner; third, realizing the fruit of non-returner. First, explaining the person liberated through faith realizing the fruit of stream-enterer: when corresponding with the subsequent knowledge of the sixteenth path, they immediately realize the fruit of stream-enterer. 'Srotāpanna' is Indian speech; here it is translated as 'cultivating the untainted'. If explained according to the *Tattvasiddhi*, it is still the path of seeing; if explaining the meaning according to the Abhidharmikas, realizing the fruit means immediately entering the path of cultivation, which is readily used to explain the meaning of 'cultivating the untainted' in this preliminary way. As for what is severed by seeing: briefly stated, the three fetters are exhausted; broadly stated, the eighty-eight driving agents are exhausted; this is called a stream-enterer, who undergoes rebirth in saṃsāra seven times and never reaches an eighth rebirth. Second, explaining the person liberated through faith realizing the once-returner: there are two kinds: first, the candidate; second, the fruit. As for the candidate: from after the mind of the first fruit, further cultivating the contemplation of the sixteen truths, the practices of the seven factors of awakening manifesting before them, that is, the untainted of this world severing one grade of affliction, unhinderedly severing one grade or two grades of desire-realm afflictions, unhinderedly severing two grades up to five grades—all these are candidates for once-returner, also called a stream-enterer of superior progress; with reference to this, 'kulaṃkula' is spoken of. As for the fruit: if six grades are completely severed, realizing the liberation of the sixth grade of the desire realm, this is the fruit of once-returner. 'Sakṛdāgāmin' is Indian speech; here it is translated as 'thinned'. Desire-realm afflictions are divided into nine grades; the first six grades are exhausted and the remaining three grades remain; what was severed before is many, and what is not yet severed is few; hence it is called 'thinned'. Third, explaining the person liberated through faith realizing the non-returner: there are also two kinds: first, the candidate; second, the fruit. As for the candidate: if severing seven grades up to eight grades of the desire realm, all are candidates for non-returner, also called a once-returner of superior progress; with reference to this, 'ekabījin' is spoken of. As for the fruit: nine unhindered [paths] severing the desire-realm fetters and realizing the ninth liberation is called the fruit of non-returner. 'Anāgāmin' is Indian speech; here it is translated as 'non-returning'. This person's five lower fetters of the desire realm are exhausted, and they do not return to be born in the desire realm again; hence it is said 'non-returning'. Furthermore, stream-enterers are of three kinds: first, a stream-enterer in progress, which is the candidate for stream-enterer; second, abiding in the fruit, which is precisely the fruit of stream-enterer; third, superior progress—a stream-enterer of superior progress, also called kulaṃkula, which is the candidate for once-returner. Once-returners are of only two kinds: first, abiding in the fruit; second, superior progress. A once-returner of superior progress is also called an ekabījin, which is the candidate for non-returner. Non-returners are also of two kinds: first, abiding in the fruit; second, superior progress. A non-returner of superior progress advances to sever the five higher fetters, namely attachment to form, attachment to formlessness, and other fetters, which is the candidate for arhat. Arhats have only one: abiding in the fruit. Question: This explains attaining the fruits sequentially; how is it distinguished from the Abhidharma's explanation of attaining the fruits by leaping over? Answer: If, while still an ordinary being, one completely severed six grades up to eight grades of desire-realm fetters and had not yet entered the path of seeing the truths, later generating the true clarity of patience regarding suffering, within the fifteen minds one is a candidate for once-returner, and at the sixteenth mind one realizes the fruit of once-returner. If, while an ordinary being, one first severed up to the ninth grade of the desire realm or up to the sphere of nothingness completely, and later entered the fifteen minds of seeing the truths, one is called a candidate for non-returner, and at the sixteenth mind one realizes the fruit of non-returner; this is a person who leaps over, who does not realize the previous two fruits. Although those liberated through faith are dull-rooted, they have five different rooted natures, namely: deteriorating, thinking, guarding, abiding, and superior progress. If realizing the fruit of non-returner, there are further five kinds of parinirvāṇa, as well as seven kinds of parinirvāṇa and eight kinds of parinirvāṇa. The five kinds of parinirvāṇa are: first, parinirvāṇa in the intermediate state; second, parinirvāṇa upon rebirth; third, parinirvāṇa with exertion; fourth, parinirvāṇa without exertion; fifth, parinirvāṇa flowing upstream. The seven kinds of parinirvāṇa open the intermediate parinirvāṇa into three kinds. The eight kinds of parinirvāṇa are the five kinds as before, fully equipped with parinirvāṇa in the present life, parinirvāṇa in formlessness, and indeterminate parinirvāṇa.