天台四教儀 1.36

1.36

Next, explaining the pratyekabuddha, also called the solitary awakened one: meeting a buddha appearing in the world, one receives the teaching of the twelve links of dependent origination, namely: (1) ignorance (the affliction hindrance, the path of affliction), (2) karmic formations (the karmic hindrance, the path of karma; these two links belong to the past), (3) consciousness (the portion of breath that lodges in the womb), (4) name-and-form (name is mental, form is physical), (5) the six sense fields (the six sense faculties completing within the womb), (6) contact (emerging from the womb), (7) feeling (receiving and experiencing pleasant, unpleasant, and other conditions; from consciousness to feeling are named the five present effects), (8) craving (craving form, men and women, gold, silver, money, goods, and such matters), (9) grasping (whenever perceiving any condition, generating an attached mind; these two are future causes, both belonging to affliction, just like the past ignorance), (10) becoming (karma is already completed; this is a future cause belonging to the path of karma, just like the past karmic formations), (11) birth (the matter of undergoing future rebirth), (12) aging and death. These are the objects to be extinguished, which differ from the previous four truths only by way of expansion and condensation. How are they expanded or condensed? Ignorance, karmic formations, craving, grasping, and becoming—these five links are condensed into the truth of origination, and the remaining seven links constitute the truth of suffering. Since the names differ while the meaning is identical, why are they stated again? It is because of differences in individual capacity. The pratyekabuddha first contemplates the truth of origination, namely: ignorance conditions karmic formations, karmic formations condition consciousness, and so forth up to birth conditioning aging and death—this is arising. As for the contemplation of cessation: when ignorance ceases, karmic formations cease, and so forth up to when birth ceases, aging and death cease. Because one awakens to the ultimate truth principle through contemplating the twelve links of dependent origination, one is called 'awakened to conditions' (pratyekabuddha). 'Solitary awakened one' means that one appears in a world without a buddha, lodges alone on an isolated peak, observes the mutability of things, and awakens on one's own to non-arising; hence the name solitary awakened one. Though the two names differ, there is no distinction in practice or rank. This practitioner severs the views and thought of the three realms identically to the śrāvaka, but additionally erodes habitual propensities, and therefore ranks above the śrāvaka.