淨土論 2.14

2.14

Answer: It is indeed so. In principle, these three kinds cannot attain rebirth. If they are without these three kinds, they will definitely attain rebirth. What are the three kinds? First: in this land, there may be a man or a woman who has planted the cause of female [birth] and is determined to incur the retribution of female [birth]. Even if this person cultivates Pure Land practice, they still cannot attain rebirth, because in the Pure Land there are no women. This is fixed karma that cannot be altered, which is precisely a karmic obstacle. As for those with defective faculties: if a person in this land has determinately planted the causes of blindness, deafness, and the like, they also cannot attain rebirth. This is because the people in the Pure Land all possess the thirty-two marks of a great man; this too is a karmic obstacle. As for the two vehicles: if they are trainees of the two vehicles or people in the expedient paths of the two vehicles, who have planted the fixed causes of the two vehicles and do not believe that the Mahāyāna and the pure lands of the ten directions exist, they also cannot attain rebirth. This is because such persons are the two vehicles who are foolish regarding the Dharma, and because they do not believe in the Buddhas and pure lands of the ten directions, they are unwilling to make vows and dedicate merit. This is precisely the determined Hīnayāna obstructing the Mahāyāna. The 'seeds' explained in that treatise are the seeds of fixed karma. So long as one lacks these three fixed seeds, one immediately attains rebirth.