淨土論 2.14

2.14

答曰：實然。此等三種，理不得生。若無三種，定得往生。何三種者？一於此土中，或有男子或有女人，種於女因，決定招女報者。此人縱修淨土行，亦不得往生，以淨土中無女人故。此是定業，不可改動，即是業障也。根缺者，若人於此土中，定種盲聾等因，亦不得往生。以淨土中人，並有三十二大丈夫相故，此亦是業障也。二乘者，若是二乘學人及二乘方便道中人，種二乘定因，不信有大乘及十方淨土者，亦不得往生。以此人是愚法二乘，不信有十方佛及淨土故，不肯發願迴向也，此即是決定小乘障大乘也。彼論所明種者，定業種也。但無此三定種者，即得往生也。

Answer: It is indeed so. In principle, these three kinds cannot attain rebirth. If they are without these three kinds, they will definitely attain rebirth. What are the three kinds? First: in this land, there may be a man or a woman who has planted the cause of female [birth] and is determined to incur the retribution of female [birth]. Even if this person cultivates Pure Land practice, they still cannot attain rebirth, because in the Pure Land there are no women. This is fixed karma that cannot be altered, which is precisely a karmic obstacle. As for those with defective faculties: if a person in this land has determinately planted the causes of blindness, deafness, and the like, they also cannot attain rebirth. This is because the people in the Pure Land all possess the thirty-two marks of a great man; this too is a karmic obstacle. As for the two vehicles: if they are trainees of the two vehicles or people in the expedient paths of the two vehicles, who have planted the fixed causes of the two vehicles and do not believe that the Mahāyāna and the pure lands of the ten directions exist, they also cannot attain rebirth. This is because such persons are the two vehicles who are foolish regarding the Dharma, and because they do not believe in the Buddhas and pure lands of the ten directions, they are unwilling to make vows and dedicate merit. This is precisely the determined Hīnayāna obstructing the Mahāyāna. The 'seeds' explained in that treatise are the seeds of fixed karma. So long as one lacks these three fixed seeds, one immediately attains rebirth.