歷代三寶紀 4

English (machine translation) 4

Language: English

4.1

Presented by the translation scholar, Your Majesty's servant Fei Zhangfang, in the seventeenth year of Kaihuang.

Regarding the Catalogue of the Later Han: Zhuang, the fourth son of Emperor Guangwu, succeeded to the throne, posthumously titled Emperor Xiaoming. In the seventh year of the Yongping reign, he dreamt by night of a golden man sixteen feet tall, wearing a solar disk upon the nape of his neck, who flew through the void and arrived, radiant and luminous, illuminating the palace courtyard. At dawn, he assembled the courtiers and ordered them to divine the dream. The broadly learned Fu Yi stepped forward and replied: "Your servant has heard that in the west there is a spirit named the Buddha; might what Your Majesty saw not be he?" The emperor considered this so. Rejoicing and stirred by the numinous omen, he issued an edict dispatching envoys: Qin Jing, Palace Gentleman of the Feather Forest, Wang Zun, a disciple of the Erudites, and others, fourteen people in all, to proceed to Tianzhu. In the country of the Yuezhe, they encountered She Moteng, copied the Sūtra of Forty-two Sections, and obtained painted images. Loading them onto white horses, they returned to Luoyang. Thereupon a saṅghārāma was erected and named the White Horse Monastery. Various prefectures vied to establish them to repay the favor of the white horses. Over two hundred paces to the left of the Qing Gate Road in the old city of Chang'an, to the right of Zhongxing Monastery, lies the remaining foundation of the White Horse Monastery. The Sūtra of Forty-two Sections was then translated and sealed away inside the pavilion of the Stone Chamber of the Orchid Terrace. From then on, the teachings of Śākya arose like clouds in succession, and śramaṇas and faithful devotees translated and transmitted them one after another. In the reign of Emperor Xiaohuan, Buddha images were also made of gold and silver. In the third year of the Guanghe reign of Emperor Xiaoling, a Grand Palace Grandee was dispatched to feast the śramaṇas at the stūpa monastery in Luoyang, hanging silk banners, burning incense, scattering flowers, and lighting lamps. In the seventh year of the Guanghe reign, when Zhang Jue and others plotted rebellion, their treasonous faction and maternal and paternal relatives were executed; all practices of Laozi, deceptive shamans, physicians, and diviners were abolished, while those who upheld the Buddha's five precepts were not implicated. From the śramaṇa Shi Lifang in the Qin era and Liu Xiang's collation of books in the Heavenly Pavilion in the Western Han down to this point, an established catalogue first appeared. For sūtras, the Forty-two Sections is the foremost; for persons, Kāśyapa Mātanga is the very first. Down to the final years of the Jian'an reign of Emperor Xian, during those one hundred and fifty-two years, spanning eleven sovereigns, twelve persons—both Chinese and non-Chinese, monastic and lay—supplemented earlier omissions and gathered old remnants, together with ancient anonymous translations, bringing forth a total of 359 scriptures and Vinaya works in 427 fascicles. These form the Catalogue of the Later Han contained in this roll. It is hoped that those who unroll and read it will observe past and present, the dispersal and gathering of eras, and the division and combination of scriptures, so that the glorious transformation will be clearly illuminated and the treasures of the Dharma will be complete.

4.3

[Later Han]
Śramaṇa Kāśyapa Mātanga: 1 scripture in 1 fascicle.
Śramaṇa Zhu Falan: 5 scriptures in 13 fascicles.
Śramaṇa An Shigao: 176 scriptures and Vinaya texts in 197 fascicles.
Śramaṇa Lokakṣema: 21 scriptures in 63 fascicles.
Upāsaka and Commandant An Xuan: 2 scriptures in 3 fascicles.
Śramaṇa Zhu Foshuo: 2 scriptures in 3 fascicles.
Śramaṇa Zhi Yao: 11 scriptures in 12 fascicles.
Śramaṇa Kang Ju: 1 scripture in 1 fascicle.
Upāsaka Yan Fodiao: 7 scriptures in 10 fascicles.
Śramaṇa Kang Mengxiang: 6 scriptures in 9 fascicles.
Śramaṇa Shi Danguo: 1 scripture in 2 fascicles.
Śramaṇa Zhu Dali: 1 scripture in 2 fascicles.
Various anonymous translations: 125 scriptures and dhāraṇīs in 148 fascicles.

4.4

Later Han Sūtra of Forty-two Sections, 1 fascicle.

4.5

The one scripture in one fascicle above was translated during the reign of Emperor Ming by Kāśyapa Mātanga, a Brahmin śramaṇa from Central Tianzhu. Some call him Zhu Shemoteng, or simply Shemoteng; the various catalogues differ, and it is not clear which is correct. Since it is not yet definitely known which is the surname and which the personal name, and earlier [catalogues] did not translate [the name's meaning], it is set forth here in full. Mātanga was bright and perceptive from youth and possessed a refined presence. Broadly learned and widely heard, he was particularly clear on the sūtras and Vinaya. His intellectual power was fine and penetrating, exploring the subtle and profound; his exposition of texts and analysis of principles consistently offered new interpretations, though students at that time had not yet attached themselves to him. The Dharma master traveled through Tianzhu. To the northwest there was a small kingdom that revered him. Soon, a neighboring country raised troops and warfare did not cease; yet whenever they were about to cross the border, there was always an impediment. Suspecting some supernatural art, they secretly sent a spy to observe. The scout returned and reported: "The lord and ministers of that kingdom expound and study Mahāyāna scriptures such as the Suvarṇaprabhāsa; the sūtra states that wherever this Dharma is preached, the earth spirits and kings protect it." Consequently, the neighboring country sued for peace and sought the Dharma to propagate the Mahāyāna. From then on, it crossed southwards and gradually spread here. In the Yongping era, accompanying Cai Yin, he arrived from Luoyang and translated this sūtra at the White Horse Monastery. Arranged according to the catalogues, this is the very ancestor of scriptures in the land of Han. An older catalogue states: "It was originally an extract from foreign scriptures, originating from a larger work, excerpting essentials to guide the vulgar, resembling the eighteen chapters of the Classic of Filial Piety." Dao'an's catalogue does not list it. The Old Catalogue, Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue, and Sengyou's Chu sanzang ji ji all record it. However, because the Great Dharma had just been transmitted and people had not yet turned to it in faith, Mātanga kept his profound understanding hidden and did not translate further. Later he died in Luoyang. The full details are recorded in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue, the Gaoseng zhuan, the Mingseng zhuan, and various miscellaneous records. Baochang also says that it was translated by Zhu Falan; this is perhaps based on his having arrived at the same time as She Moteng.

4.6

Fo benxing jing, 5 fascicles.

4.7

Shidi duanjie jing, 4 fascicles (or 8 fascicles; appears in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue).

4.8

Fahai zang jing, 3 fascicles (one edition lacks the character zang).

4.9

Fo bensheng jing, 2 fascicles (appears in Mingseng zhuan).

4.10

Erbailiushi jie heyi, 2 fascicles (appears in Bie lu).

4.11

The five works above, totaling sixteen fascicles, [were translated by] the śramaṇa Zhu Falan from Central Tianzhu. In his youth he was keen and perceptive, refined, broadly benevolent, and versed in many matters; in meditation and Vinaya there was nothing he had not mastered. He recited more than one million words of sūtras and had over a thousand disciples. In dwelling he did not seek ease, constantly cherishing the desire to broadly benefit others. His disciplinary code was strict and solemn, such that the crowd could not fathom it. Hearing that the Han envoy [Cai] Yin had come inquiring after the Buddhadharma for the Han lands, he conceived the desire to set forth without delay. The king of the country would not permit it, so he secretly came together with [Kāśyapa] Mātanga, traveling by indirect routes and arriving later. During the reign of Emperor Ming, he initially produced the Forty-two Sections together with Mātanga. After Mātanga died, Falan translated on his own. Formerly, when Emperor Wu of Han excavated the Kunming Pool, he found black ash at the bottom and asked Dongfang Shuo. Shuo said: "You may ask the Sanskrit people from the Western Regions." When Falan arrived, people of the time subsequently questioned him. Falan said: "This is the ash from the kalpa fire." Shuo's words were thus verified, and those who believed were very numerous. Furthermore, when the envoy Qin Jing returned, he obtained from the country of the Yuezhe the fourth painted copy of King Udayana's sandalwood image and brought it to Luoyang. The emperor then ordered copies to be painted and venerated; from then on, paintings in pigments have been handed down to the present day.

4.12

Xiuxing daodi jing (Yogācārabhūmi), 7 fascicles (or 6 fascicles; first produced and translated in the first year of Yongkang of the Han; preface written by Zhi Mindu; appears in Baochang's Catalogue and the Bie lu; also called the Shundao xing jing).

4.13

Dharmapada, 4 fascicles.

4.14

Daseng weiyi jing, 4 fascicles (The two scriptures above both appear in the Bie lu. Newly added [scriptures] exist as different versions, whose source texts are slightly different. Sengyou listed them under anonymous translations, dividing them into two works in two fascicles; that is precisely what is combined here in this Bie lu).

4.15

Wushi jiaoji jing, 2 fascicles (also called the Mingdu jiaoji; produced in the first year of Yuanjia; appears in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue; Sengyou's catalogue agrees).

4.16

Za sishisi pian jing, 2 fascicles (also called the Za jing in forty-four chapters. Since the specific title is not displayed, it is not known what scripture it is. Dao'an says: "Drawn from the Ekottarika Āgama." Recorded in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.17

Qichu sanguan jing, 2 fascicles (translated in the first year of Yuanjia; appears in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue; Dao'an says: "Drawn from the Saṃyuktāgama"; appears similarly in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.18

*Daśaphala-sūtra* (*Shibao jing*), two fascicles (Recorded in the old catalogues as extracted from the *Dīrghāgama*. Found in Sengyou's catalogue; also called *Duozeng daozhang jing*).

4.19

*Mahā-yogācārabhūmi-sūtra* (*Da daodi jing*), two fascicles (First translation. Dao'an's commentary states that it is an excerpt from the *Yogācārabhūmi-sūtra*, originally an abridgement from foreign countries. Some editions lack the character "Da" [*Mahā*]. Extracted from the *Dīrghāgama*; found in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.20

*Bodhicittotpāda-sūtra* (*Daoyi faxing jing*), two fascicles (or one fascicle; extracted from the *Dīrghāgama*; found in the catalogues of Dao'an and Sengyou).

4.21

*Dhyāna-sūtra* (*Chan jing*), two fascicles (First translation. Found in the *Bielu*).

4.22

*Ānāpānasmṛti-sūtra* (*Anban shouyi jing*), two fascicles (or one fascicle; Dao'an calls it *Xiao Anban*; found in Zhu Shixing's Han catalogue, and identical in the catalogues of Sengyou and Li Kuo).

4.23

*Sukhāvatīvyūha-sūtra* (*Wuliangshou jing*), two fascicles (First translation. Found in the *Bielu*. Commented upon in treatises and verses by the śramaṇa Tanluan during the Northern Wei dynasty).

4.24

*Skandhadhātvāyatana-sūtra* (*Yin chi ru jing*), one fascicle (The *Bielu* calls it *Yin chi ru*; commented upon by Dao'an. Found in Zhu Shixing's Han catalogue and Sengyou's catalogue).

4.25

*Sūtra of One Hundred and Sixty Chapters* (*Bai liushi pin jing*), one fascicle (The old catalogues call it *Ekottarikāgama-śatasasty-adhyāya-sūtra* [*Zengyi ahan bai liushi zhang jing*]. Found in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.26

*Mahā-dvādaśadvāra-sūtra* (*Da shi'ermen jing*), one fascicle (The *Bielu* says two fascicles. Extracted from the *Dīrghāgama*. Commented upon by Dao'an; found in the catalogues of Baochang and Sengyou).

4.27

*Kṣudra-dvādaśadvāra-sūtra* (*Xiao shi'ermen jing*), one fascicle (Extracted from the *Dīrghāgama*. Found in the catalogues of Baochang and Sengyou).

4.28

*Mahānidāna-sūtra* (*Ren benyusheng jing*), one fascicle (Translated in the second year of the Yuanjia era [152 CE]. Extracted from the *Dīrghāgama*. Found in Zhu Shixing's Han catalogue and Sengyou's catalogue; commented upon by Dao'an).

4.29

*Abhidharma-pañcadharma-sūtra* (*Apitan wufa jing*), one fascicle (The old catalogues call it *Abhidharma-pañcadharma-carya-sūtra* [*Apitan wufa xing jing*]. Extracted from the *Dīrghāgama*. Found in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.30

*Saptadharma-sūtra* (*Qifa jing*), one fascicle (The old catalogues call it *Abhidharma-saptadharma-carya-sūtra* [*Apitan qifa xing jing*]. Extracted from the *Dīrghāgama*; some call it *Qifa xing*; found in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.31

*Sūtra on the Meaning of the Universal Dharma* (*Pu fayi jing*), one fascicle (Translated in the second year of the Yuanjia era [152 CE]. Also titled *Ju faxing jing*. Extracted from the *Dīrghāgama*; found in Zhu Shixing's Han catalogue and Sengyou's catalogue).

4.32

*Sūtra on the Classification of Āsravas* (*Lou fenbu jing*), one fascicle (Dao'an says it is extracted from the *Dīrghāgama*; found in Zhu Shixing's Han catalogue and Sengyou's catalogue; also extracted from the *Madhyamāgama*).

4.33

*Caturāryasatya-sūtra* (*Sidi jing*), one fascicle (Dao'an says it is extracted from the *Dīrghāgama*; some say it is extracted from the *Madhyamāgama*. First translation; found in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.34

*Sūtra on the Nine Untimely Deaths* (*Jiuheng jing*), one fascicle (Extracted from the *Saṃyuktāgama*).

4.35

*Āryāṣṭāṅgamārga-sūtra* (*Bazhengdao jing*), one fascicle (The above two sūtras are both extracted from the *Saṃyuktāgama*. Found in Zhu Shixing's Han catalogue and Sengyou's catalogue, the *Sanzang ji*).

4.36

*Mahānāpāna-sūtra* (*Da anban jing*), one fascicle (or two fascicles. Commented upon by Dao'an. Found in Sengyou's catalogue. Some call it *Da anban ji jing*).

4.37

*Essentials of Contemplation Sūtra* (*Siwei yaolüe jing*), one fascicle (or simply called *Siwei jing*. Found in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.38

*Dvādaśāṅgapratītyasamutpāda-sūtra* (*Shi'er yinyuan jing*), one fascicle (Also called *Wencheng shi'er yinyuan jing* [Śrāvastī Dvādaśāṅgapratītyasamutpāda-sūtra]. First translation; found in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.39

*Pañcaskandhopamā-sūtra* (*Wuyin yu jing*), one fascicle (The old catalogues call it *Wuyin piyu jing*. Found in Zhu Shixing's Han catalogue and Sengyou's catalogue. Extracted from the *Saṃyuktāgama*).

4.40

*Dharmacakrapravartana-sūtra* (*Zhuan falun jing*), one fascicle (or called *Falun jing*. Found in the catalogues of Shi Dao'an and Sengyou; extracted from the *Saṃyuktāgama*).

4.41

*Sūtra on Restraining the Outflows* (*Liu she jing*), one fascicle (The old catalogues call it *Yiqie liu she*, and also *Yiqie liu she shou*. The Wu catalogue calls it *Liu she shou yin*, and also *Shou yin*. Found in Zhu Shixing's Han catalogue and Sengyou's catalogue. Extracted from the *Madhyamāgama*).

4.42

*Dharmādharma-sūtra* (*Shi fa fei fa jing*), one fascicle (Found in Zhu Shixing's Han catalogue and Sengyou's catalogue; extracted from the *Madhyamāgama*).

4.43

*Sūtra on Phenomena Receiving Impurities* (*Fa shou chen jing*), one fascicle (Found in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.44

*Sūtra on the Fourteen Intentions* (*Shisi yi jing*), one fascicle (The old catalogues call it *Pusa shisi yi jing* [*Sūtra on the Bodhisattva's Fourteen Intentions*]. Found in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.45

*Sūtra on Mutual Conditioning of Fundamental Marks* (*Benxiang yizhi jing*), one fascicle (Extracted from the *Madhyamāgama*. The Wu catalogue states that the *Daxiang yizhi* is identical to the *Yuanben zhi jing*. Found in Zhu Shixing's Han catalogue, Sengyou['s catalogue], and the *Sanzang jiji*).

4.46

*Abhidharma-aṣṭānavatisaṃyojana-sūtra* (*Apitan jiushiba jie jing*), one fascicle (Found in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.47

*Sūtra on Notions of Dharma in Dhyāna Practice* (*Chanxing faxiang jing*), one fascicle (Found in Sengyou's catalogue and Baochang's catalogue, the *Sanzang ji*).

4.48

*Sūtra on the Thirty-Seven Factors in Dhyāna Practice* (*Chanxing sanshiqi pin jing*), one fascicle (Found in Baochang's catalogue, where it sometimes lacks the words "Chanxing", and in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.49

*Nandigṛhapati-sūtra* (*Nanti jialuoyue jing*), one fascicle (Found in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.50

*Sūtra on the Solitary Wealthy Elder* (*Dufu zhangzhe jing*), one fascicle (Also called *Dufu zhangzhe caiwu wufu jing* [*Sūtra on the Solitary Wealthy Elder Leaving Property to None*], and also *Wuzi fuzhu* [*Having No Son to Entrust*]. Extracted from fascicle forty-six of the *Saṃyuktāgama*).

4.51

*Sūtra on the Elder's Anguish over Three Matters* (*Zhangzhe aonao sanshu jing*), one fascicle (Also called *Zhangzhezi aonao sanshu jing*, and also simply called *Sanshu nao jing*).

4.52

*Sūtra on the Elder Shenqi Repenting His Faults* (*Shenqi zhangzhe huiguo jing*), one fascicle (Also called *Shenyue zhangzhe huiguo gongfo jing*. It is not known for certain whether it should be Shenyue or Shenqi).

4.53

*Sūtra of the Buddha Preaching on the Maturation of Faculties for Nakula* (*Fo wei Naju shuo genshou jing*), one fascicle (Also called *Wei Najuluo zhangzhe shuo genshou jing*).

4.54

*Sūtra of the Elder Brothers Visiting the Buddha* (*Zhangzhe xiongdi yi Fo jing*), one fascicle (Also called *Zhangzhe Lishidatuo xiongdi erren wang Fo suo jing* [*Sūtra of the Two Brothers of the Elder Ṛṣidatta Going to the Buddha's Abode*]. Extracted from the *Madhyamāgama*).

4.55

*Sūtra on the Buddha's Supernatural Power Rescuing the Elder's Son* (*Fo shenli jiu zhangzhezi jing*), one fascicle.

4.56

*Sūtra on Anāthapiṇḍada Converting His Seven Sons* (*Anabinqi hua qizi jing*), one fascicle (Extracted from the *Ekottarikāgama*).

4.57

*Sūtra on the Layman of Ten Factors and the Person of Aṭṭhakanagara* (*Shizhi jushi bacheng ren jing*), one fascicle (Extracted from fascicle sixty of the *Madhyamāgama*. Also simply called *Shizhi jing*).

4.58

*Sūtra of Abhaya the Licchavi Inquiring of Ānanda* (*Wuwei Liche bai Anan jing*), one fascicle (Extracted from fascicle twenty-one of the *Saṃyuktāgama*).

4.59

*Sūtra on Receiving Blessings* (*Shou zhouyuan jing*), one fascicle (Also called *Zuisheng zhangzhe shou zhouyuan jing* [*Sūtra of the Supreme Elder Receiving Blessings*]).

4.60

*Sūtra on the Elder's Son Zhi* (*Zhangzhezi Zhi jing*), one fascicle.

4.61

*Sūtra of the Layman Ugga Seeing the Buddha, Hearing the Dharma, and Awakening* (*Yujia jushi jian Fo wenfa xingwu jing*), one fascicle (Also called *Xiujiatuo jushi Fo wei shuofa de huangwu jing*. Extracted from the *Saṃyuktāgama*).

4.62

*Sūtra on Attaining Contemplation of Impermanence* (*De feichang guan jing*), one fascicle (Also called *Zhangzhe Yeshu de feichang guan jing* [*Sūtra of the Elder Yaśas Attaining Contemplation of Impermanence*]).

4.63

*Śārdūlakarṇa-sūtra* (*Shetoujian jing*), one fascicle (First translation. Found in the old catalogues; also called *Shetoujian taizi ming ershiba xiu jing*, and also *Taizi mingxing ershiba xiu jing*, and also *Hu'er jing* [*Śārdūlakarṇa-sūtra*]).

4.64

*Pravrajyā-nidāna-sūtra* (*Chujia yinyuan jing*), one fascicle (Also called *Fo shuo chujia yinyuan jing*).

4.65

*Sūtra on the Buddha Allowing a Cāṇḍāla's Son to Go Forth* (*Fo du chantuoluo er chujia jing*), one fascicle.

4.66

*Cunda-śrāmaṇera-sūtra* (*Chunta shami jing*), one fascicle (Some write the character *shamen* [śramaṇa]; some write the character *chun* 淳. Extracted from fascicle twenty-four of the *Saṃyuktāgama*).

4.67

*Sūtra on Non-Buddhists Going Forth* (*Waidao chujia jing*), one fascicle.

4.68

*Sūtra on Diligence in the Four Foundations of Mindfulness* (*Jingjin sinianchu jing*), one fascicle (Extracted from fascicle twenty-nine of the *Saṃyuktāgama*).

4.69

*Sūtra on Repaying the Arduous Kindness of Parents* (*Fumu enqin bao jing*), one fascicle (One edition has *nanbao* [difficult to repay]. Extracted from the *Madhyamāgama*).

4.70

*Sūtra on the Fulfillment of Dhyāna Thought* (*Chansi manzu jing*), one fascicle (Extracted from the *Saṃyuktāgama*).

4.71

*Sūtra on the Practice of Counting Breaths* (*Shuxi shi jing*), one fascicle; *Dhyāna Methods Sūtra* (*Chanfa jing*), one fascicle.

4.72

*Sūtra on the Secret Essentials of Dhyāna* (*Chan miyao jing*), one fascicle (Some lack the character "Mi" [*secret*]. Extracted from the *Chan yao mimi zhibing jing*).

4.73

*Sūtra on Worldly Talk of Beautiful Form* (*Shijian yan meise jing*), one fascicle (Extracted from fascicle twenty-four of the *Saṃyuktāgama*).

4.74

*Sūtra on All Saṃskāras Not Abiding Permanently* (*Yiqie xing buheng anzhu jing*), one fascicle (Extracted from fascicle thirty-four of the *Saṃyuktāgama*).

4.75

*Sūtra on Human Rebirth Entering the Aggregates* (*Ren shoushen ru yin jing*), one fascicle (Extracted from fascicle one of the *Yogācārabhūmi-sūtra* [*Xiuxing daodi jing*]).

4.76

*Sūtra on Sentient Beings with Many Inverted Views* (*Duo daojian zhongsheng jing*), one fascicle (Some lack the character "Duo". Extracted from fascicle sixteen of the *Udānavarga* [*Chuyao jing*]).

4.77

*Sūtra on the Four Hundred and Four Diseases of the Human Body* (*Renshen sibai si bing jing*), one fascicle (Extracted from fascicle one of the *Yogācārabhūmi-sūtra* [*Xiuxing daodi jing*]).

4.78

*Sūtra on the Illnesses of Persons That Physicians Cannot Cure*, in one fascicle (extracted from the *Yogācārabhūmi-sūtra*).

4.79

*Sūtra on Distinguishing What Arises from Good and Evil*, in one fascicle.

4.80

*Sūtra on the Chopped Poisonous Tree Growing Back*, in one fascicle (extracted from the *Udānavarga*).

4.81

*Sūtra on the Light and Heavy Retributions for Precept Violations*, in one fascicle.

4.82

*Sūtra on the Successive Methods of Expeditious Meditation*, in one fascicle.

4.83

*Sūtra on the Method of Practicing Meditation in the Āraṇya*, in one fascicle (extracted from the first fascicle of the *Bodhisattva-dhyāna-vidhi*).

4.84

*Sūtra on the Names of Four Hundred Samādhis*, in one fascicle.

4.85

*Sūtra on the Samādhi of Self-Vow*, in one fascicle (The internal title states: "Extracted from the fourth 'Chapter on Solitary Realization'. First translated under *Pure Practices of Monks*. Mostly identical to Dharmarakṣa's translation, with minor differences").

4.86

*Sūtra on King Virūḍhaka*, in one fascicle (Extracted from the *Ekottarika Āgama*. This first translation differs slightly from Dharmarakṣa's translation).

4.87

*Sūtra on Bathing the Monastic Assembly in the Bathhouse*, in one fascicle (first translation).

4.88

*Sūtra on Kāśyapa's Council*, in one fascicle. / *Sūtra on the Scolding Mind*, in one fascicle.

4.89

*Sūtra of Sundry Topics*, in one fascicle.

4.90

*Sūtra in Which the Buddha Explains Resemblances to the Brahmin Piṇḍola*, in one fascicle (extracted from the eleventh fascicle of the *Saṃyukta Āgama*).

4.91

*Sūtra on the Brahmin Asking the Buddha about Gaining Merit through Giving*, in one fascicle.

4.92

*Sūtra in Which the Buddha Preaches the Dharma to the Horse-Trainer Headman*, in one fascicle (extracted from the thirty-second fascicle of the *Saṃyukta Āgama*).

4.93

*Sūtra on the Brahmin's Conduct*, in one fascicle (extracted from the thirty-ninth fascicle of the *Madhyama Āgama*).

4.94

*Sūtra on the Brahmin Dauca Debating and Going Forth*, in one fascicle (extracted from the forty-second fascicle of the *Saṃyukta Āgama*).

4.95

*Sūtra in Which the Buddha Preaches the Dharma to the Fire-Worshipping Brahmin, Leading to Enlightenment*, in one fascicle (extracted from the *Saṃyukta Āgama*).

4.96

*Sūtra on the Falsehood of Brahmins*, in one fascicle (extracted from the thirtieth fascicle of the *Saṃyukta Āgama*).

4.97

*Sūtra on the Buddha Converting the Brahmin Daxing to Go Forth*, in one fascicle (Extracted from the *Saṃyukta Āgama*; sometimes written with the character *yu* [大與] instead of *xing* [大興]).

4.98

*Sūtra in Which the Buddha Preaches to Acela-Kāśyapa on Suffering Caused by Oneself and Others*, in one fascicle (extracted from the *Ekottarika Āgama*).

4.99

*Sūtra on the Brahmin's Son Passing Away and Inseparable Affection*, in one fascicle (extracted from the *Ekottarika Āgama*).

4.100

*Sūtra on the Brahmin Sijia Going Forth and Attaining the Path*, in one fascicle (extracted from the forty-fourth fascicle of the *Saṃyukta Āgama*).

4.101

*Sūtra in Which the Buddha Speaks Verses to the Arrogant Brahmin*, in one fascicle (extracted from the *Saṃyukta Āgama*).

4.102

*Sūtra on the Brahmin Wearing White*, in one fascicle (extracted from the twenty-eighth fascicle of the *Saṃyukta Āgama*).

4.103

*Sūtra on the Brahmin Asking the World-Honoured One How Many Buddhas There Will Be in the Future*, in one fascicle (extracted from the *Saṃyukta Āgama*).

4.104

*Sūtra on the Brahmin Evading Death*, in one fascicle (extracted from the *Ekottarika Āgama*).

4.105

*Sūtra in Which the Buddha Explains Plowing Fields to a Brahmin*, in one fascicle (Extracted from the *Saṃyukta Āgama*; sometimes without the character *tian* [田]).

4.106

*Sūtra on the Seven Old Brahmins Requesting to Become Disciples*, in one fascicle.

4.107

*Sūtra on the Brahmin Who Thoroughly Mastered Sūtras and Treatises*, in one fascicle (extracted from the twenty-fifth fascicle of the *Saṃyukta Āgama*).

4.108

*Sūtra on the Buddha Covering the Naked Ascetic*, in one fascicle (Extracted from the *Jātaka-nidāna*. One source calls it *Sūtra on Investigating the Naked Ascetic*; "investigating" [審] and "covering" [覆] are a textual error, and it is unknown which is correct).

4.109

*Sūtra on the Brahmin Who Understood All Arts*, in one fascicle (extracted from the *Saṃyukta Āgama*).

4.110

*Sūtra in Which the Buddha Preaches Four Dharmas to a Brahmin*, in one fascicle (extracted from the second fascicle of the *Saṃyukta Āgama*).

4.111

*Sūtra in Which the Buddha Preaches on Knowing the Wholesome and Unwholesome to a Young Brahmin*, in one fascicle.

4.112

*Sūtra on the Illusion-like Samādhi*, in one fascicle (or two fascicles). / *Sūtra on Ānāpāna*, in one fascicle.

4.113

*Sūtra of the Inner Treasury*, in one fascicle (Translated in the tenth month of the second year of Yuanjia; this is the first translation. Also called *Inner Treasury of a Hundred Chapters*, or *Hundred Treasures*; see Zhu Shixing's *Han Catalogue*).

4.114

*Sūtra on the Essential Practical Methods for the Five Gates of Dhyāna*, in one fascicle (first translation).

4.115

*Sūtra on the Parable of Water*, in one fascicle (extracted from the *Ekottarika Āgama*). / *Sūtra on the Parable of Floating Wood*, in one fascicle.

4.116

*Sūtra on the Parable of the Turtle*, in one fascicle (extracted from the *Saṭpāramitā-saṃnighāta-sūtra*).

4.117

*Sūtra on Devadatta Falling Alive into Hell*, in one fascicle (extracted from the *Udānavarga*).

4.118

*Sūtra on the Woman Māṇavikā Slandering the Buddha and Falling Alive into Hell*, in one fascicle.

4.119

*Sūtra on the Ghost Questioning Maudgalyāyana*, in one fascicle.

4.120

*Sūtra on the Eighteen Hells*, in one fascicle (also called *Eighteen Narakas*).

4.121

*Sūtra on the Multitudinous Sufferings of Sinners in Hell*, in one fascicle.

4.122

*Sūtra on the Retributions of Hell*, in one fascicle (also called *Sūtra on the Retributions for Sins Converting [Beings] in Hell*).

4.123

*Sūtra on Maudgalyāyana Seeing Beings Whose Body Hair Resembled Arrows*, in one fascicle (extracted from the nineteenth fascicle of the *Saṃyukta Āgama*).

4.124

*Sūtra on the Chapter on Retributions for Sins from within the Mahāyāna Vīrya-pāramitā*, in one fascicle.

4.125

*Sūtra on the Venerable Vakkula*, in one fascicle (extracted from the eighth fascicle of the *Madhyama Āgama*).

4.126

*Sūtra on Ānanda Inquiring about Auspicious and Inauspicious Results of Serving the Buddha*, in one fascicle (also called *Sūtra on Ānanda Inquiring about Serving the Buddha*, or *Sūtra on the Auspicious and Inauspicious Results of Serving the Buddha*).

4.127

*Kātyāyana's Sūtra on Impermanence*, in one fascicle (extracted from the second fascicle of the *Jātaka-nidāna*).

4.128

*Sūtra on the Future Transformation and Destruction*, in one fascicle. / *Sūtra on Crown Prince Mūkapakkha*, in one fascicle.

4.129

*Sūtra on the Four Unobtainables*, in one fascicle (sometimes without the character *ke* [可]).

4.130

*Sūtra on Firm Mind and Right Intention*, in one fascicle (also called *Sūtra on the Firm Mind*, or *Sūtra on Firm Intention*).

4.131

*Sūtra Distinctly Clarifying Sins and Merits*, in one fascicle.

4.132

*Sūtra on the Section on the Increasingly Augmented Path*, in one fascicle (The old catalogue lacks the character *dao* [道]. Also called *Alternate Translation of the Ten Reward Dharmas Extracted from the Dīrgha Āgama*).

4.133

*Sūtra on Āmrapālī and Jīvaka*, in one fascicle. / *Sūtra on the Golden Woman*, in one fascicle.

4.134

*Sūtra on the Mātaṅga Maiden*, in one fascicle (also called *The Mātṛ Maiden*).

4.135

*Sūtra on Contending over a Maiden in a Past Life*, in one fascicle (extracted from the *Jātaka-nidāna*).

4.136

*Sūtra on Serving Those Superior to Oneself*, in one fascicle. / *Sūtra on the Method of Repentance*, in one fascicle.

4.137

*Sūtra on Śāriputra's Repentance*, in one fascicle. / *Sūtra on the Crown Prince's Dream*, in one fascicle.

4.138

Xiao banniuan jing (Sūtra of the Lesser Parinirvāṇa), in one roll (found in the Bie lu).

4.139

Ciren bu sha jing (Sūtra on Compassionate Benevolence and Not Killing), in one roll.

4.140

Anan tongxue jing (Sūtra on Ānanda's Fellow Students), in one roll (extracted from the Ekottarika-āgama).

4.141

Shangren tuo zeinan jing (Sūtra on the Merchants Escaping the Peril of Robbers), in one roll.

4.142

Guoqu tanqin ren jing (Sūtra on the Lute Player of the Past), in one roll (extracted from roll forty-eight of the Saṃyukta-āgama).

4.143

Shijialuoyue liu xiang bai jing (Sūtra on Siṅgālaka Worshipping the Six Directions), in one roll (first translation; extracted from the Dīrgha-āgama).

4.144

Shijian qiangdao bushi jing (Sūtra on Worldly Bandits Practicing Giving), in one roll (extracted from the Ekottarika-āgama).

4.145

Shangren zi zuo foshi jing (Sūtra on the Merchant's Son Performing Buddhist Deeds), in one roll (extracted from the Dīrgha-āgama).

4.146

Zhou zei jing (Sūtra of Incantations Against Robbers), in one roll; Cu feng zei jie yidai zhou jing (Sūtra of the Incantation for Tying the Belt on Suddenly Encountering Robbers), in one roll.

4.147

Fantian yi poluomen jiangtang jing (Sūtra on the Brahmā Deity Visiting the Brahmins' Lecture Hall), in one roll (extracted from the Ekottarika-āgama).

4.148

Wuyin chengbai jing (Sūtra on the Formation and Destruction of the Five Aggregates), in one roll (extracted from the Yogācārabhūmi-sūtra).

4.149

Baguang jing (Sūtra of the Eight Rays of Light), in one roll; Wu zhandou ren jing (Sūtra on the Five Combatants), in one roll (extracted from the Ekottarika-āgama).

4.150

Wu fa jing (Sūtra on the Five Dharmas), in one roll (found in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.151

Wu xing jing (Sūtra on the Five Practices), in one roll; San du jing (Sūtra on the Three Poisons), in one roll.

4.152

Ahan zhengxing jing (Sūtra on Proper Practice from the Āgamas), in one roll; Liangshi nanyu jing (Sūtra on the Auspicious Time That Is Hard to Meet), in one roll.

4.153

Qiu li laoyu jing (Sūtra on Seeking Release from Prison), in one roll; Lianhua nü jing (Sūtra on the Lotus Maiden), in one roll.

4.154

Gumu sang yi zi jing (Sūtra on the Lone Mother Who Lost Her Only Son), in one roll.

4.155

Xi you er ren xiang aijing jing (Sūtra on Two Persons in the Past Who Loved and Respected Each Other), in one roll (extracted from the Avadāna-sūtra [Chuyao jing]).

4.156

Zhu yinchiru jing (Sūtra on Abiding in the Aggregates, Realms, and Sense-Bases), in one roll (also called Chu chiru; or in two rolls).

4.157

Jingmian wang jing (Sūtra on King Mirror-Face [Ādarśamukha]), in one roll (extracted from the Liudu ji); Zi mingguo jing (Sūtra on the Child Passing Away), in one roll (extracted from the Sheng jing).

4.158

Jiantuoguo wang jing (Sūtra on the King of Gandhāra), in one roll (sometimes without the character guo [Kingdom]).

4.159

Tan bao nü jing (Sūtra in Praise of the Jewel Maiden), in one roll (also called Shelifo tan bao nü shuo busiyijing [Śāriputra's Praise of the Jewel Maiden Expounding the Inconceivable Sūtra]).

4.160

Da Jiaye yu niganzijing (Sūtra on Mahākāśyapa Encountering a Nirgrantha), in one roll (extracted from the Dīrgha-āgama).

4.161

Zhengzhai jing (Sūtra on the Proper Uposatha), in one roll.

4.162

Analü siwei mulian shenli jing (Sūtra on Aniruddha Contemplating Maudgalyāyana's Supernormal Powers), in one roll.

4.163

Baoji sanmei wenshushili pusa wen fashen jing (Sūtra on the Ratnakūṭa Samādhi and Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī's Inquiry into the Dharma-Body), in one roll (also called Yiri baoji sanmei wenshushili wen fashen jing).

4.164

Shelifo wen bao nü jing (Sūtra on Śāriputra Questioning the Jewel Maiden), in one roll.

4.165

Yuedeng sanmei jing (Sūtra on the Samādhirāja [Candrapradīpa] Samādhi), in one roll (extracted from the Da yuedeng sanmei jing).

4.166

Anan huo jing (Sūtra on Ānanda's Delusion), in one roll (extracted from the Ren ben yusheng jing).

4.167

Foyin sanmei jing (Sūtra on the Buddha-Seal Samādhi), in one roll.

4.168

Jiaye jie Anan jing (Sūtra on Kāśyapa Interrogating Ānanda), in one roll (also called Jiaye ze Anan shuang du luohan yu jing [Sūtra on Kāśyapa Reproving Ānanda with the Parable of Doubly Crossing Over Arhats]; first translation).

4.169

Dacheng fangdeng yao hui jing (Sūtra on the Essential Wisdom of Mahāyāna Vaipulya), in one roll.

4.170

Kongjing tian ganying sanmei jing (Sūtra on the Samādhi of the Pure Void Deva's Sympathetic Resonance), in one roll (the older catalogue calls it Kongjing sanmei jing).

4.171

Qing li you zui jing (Sūtra on Affections Leaving Behind Guilt), in one roll (annotated by later generations as doubtful).

4.172

Yaowang yaoshang pusa guan jing (Sūtra on the Contemplation of the Bodhisattvas Bhaiṣajyarāja and Bhaiṣajyasamudgata), in one roll.

4.173

Yijue lü (Vinaya Resolving Meaning), in one roll (also called Zangjue lü faxing; Dao'an says it was extracted from the Dīrgha-āgama; variants containing the character jing [sūtra] are seen in Sengyou's catalogue. In total thirty-four works, comprising forty rolls; the remainder are miscellaneous excerpts appended here).

4.174

The above one hundred seventy-six works, comprising one hundred ninety-seven rolls, [were translated by] the crown prince of the Kingdom of Parthia (Anxi), named Qing, style Shigao. He was next in succession to the throne, but yielded it to his uncle. Thereupon he renounced his realm, shaved his head, and left home, cherishing the Way and traveling across regions with the propagation of the teachings as his duty. In the second year of the Jianhe era during the reign of Emperor Xiaohuan, vibrating his tin staff he arrived in state at the city of Luoyang. In a short time he learned the language and became thoroughly versed in Chinese speech. Lamenting that the conversion of the Dharma was still slender, he undertook extensive translation. Up to the reign of Emperor Ling, this spanned more than twenty years. The catalogue of Shi Dao'an, Sengyou's Chu sanzang jiji, and Huijiao's Gaoseng zhuan merely state that Shigao translated thirty-nine works. The meanings and principles are clear and discriminating, the wording fitting and correct, eloquent without being ornate, plain without being rustic; all who read them do so untiringly and indefatigably. I, Zhangfang, have inquired widely, thoroughly inspecting multiple catalogues and records, and found that works attributed to Shigao appear and disappear inconsistently. From this it may be known that expedients and traces manifest or conceal themselves in diverse manners, or perhaps the biographers have caused considerable discrepancies. I consider that the thirty-nine works recorded in the biographies were perhaps only those translated from the time he came along the road from Dunhuang until his arrival and stay at the capital. At the end of Emperor Ling's reign, the Guanzhong region fell into chaos, whereupon he crossed south of the Yangtze River. As a man of understanding sees his opportunity and translates wherever he happens to be, he came to know what was missing and not yet transmitted elsewhere. Furthermore, at the end of his biography it indeed states: 'As for those texts recorded in the old catalogues, these were all Shigao's revisions of earlier translations, not necessarily complete translations of new texts.' Now, bringing together all the treatises and fully searching miscellaneous records, those that bear titles and annotations were mostly extracted from larger works along the road through Hexi and Jiangnan as circumstances allowed. The fact that catalogued titles are scattered is insufficient cause for doubt. Since those [earlier catalogues] preserved what they saw, how could I not compile them? I venture to follow the collections, compiling and binding them together, in the hope of broadening the flow of the Dharma and making known the primary source. If one wishes to know his traces, they are detailed in the various biographies.

4.175

Daji jing (Mahāsaṃnipāta-sūtra), in twenty-seven rolls (first translation; found in Li Kuo's catalogue).

4.176

Banruo daoxing pin jing (Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra / Chapter on the Practice of the Way), in ten rolls (first translation; also called Mohe banruo boluomi jing; or in eight rolls; produced on the eighth day of the tenth month in the second year of the Guanghe era; found in Zhi Mindu's catalogue and Sengyou's catalogue).

4.177

Shoulengyan jing (Śūraṅgamasamādhi-sūtra), in two rolls (produced on the eighth day of the second month in the third year of the Zhongping era; this is the first translation; found in Zhu Shixing's Han catalogue, Sengyou's Sanzang ji, and the Wu lu; also said to be in three rolls).

4.178

Dundao tuoluoni jing (Drumakinnararājaparipṛcchā-sūtra), in two rolls (first translation; An'an's catalogue originally noted that the old catalogue called it Dundao tuoluoni wang jing; found in Zhu Shixing's Han catalogue and Sengyou's catalogue).

4.179

Asheshe wang jing (Ajātaśatrukaukṛtyavinodanā-sūtra), in two rolls (first translation; Dao'an says it was extracted from the Dīrgha-āgama; found in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.180

Achufoguo jing (Akṣobhyavyūha-sūtra), in two rolls (translated in the first year of the Jianhe era, this being the first translation; found in Zhu Shixing's Han catalogue; also called Achu fochai zhu pusa xue chengpin jing; also called Achufo jing; or in one roll; also recorded in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.181

Wuliang qingjing jing (Sūtra of Immeasurable Purity), in two rolls (also called Wuliang qingjing pingdengjue jing; found in the Wu lu).

4.182

Boben jing (Sūtra on the Origin of Boh), in two rolls (first translation; found in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.183

Banzhou sanmei jing (Pratyutpannabuddhasaṃmukhāvasthitasamādhi-sūtra), in two rolls (translated on the eighth day of the tenth month in the second year of the Guanghe era; first translation; found in Nie Daozhen's catalogue, the Wu lu, and the Sanzang ji; the old catalogue calls it Da banzhou sanmei jing).

4.184

Gupin yiri shuo banruo jing (Ancient Chapter of the Sūtra on Prajñā Expounded by the Buddha), in one roll (extracted from the Vaipulya section; one title is Fo yiri monibao jing; one title is Moheyan baoyan jing; one title is Da baoji jing; found in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.185

Baoji jing (Ratnakūṭa-sūtra), in one roll (translated in the second year of the Guanghe era, being the first translation; Dao'an calls it Monibao jing; or in two rolls; found in the old catalogue, Zhu Shixing's catalogue, the Sanzang jiji, and elsewhere).

4.186

Wenshu jing (Sūtra of Inquiries on the Stages), in one roll (also called Wenshushili wen pusa shu jing; Dao'an says it is extracted from the Vaipulya section; found in the Wu lu and Sengyou's Sanzang ji).

4.187

Fan banniuan jing (Brahmā Parinirvāṇa Sūtra), in one roll (the old catalogue called it Hu banniuan, now corrected to Fan; first translation; or in two rolls; found in Zhu Shixing's catalogue and the Sanzang jiji).

4.188

Asheshe wang wen wuni jing (Sūtra on King Ajātaśatru Inquiring About the Five Inexpiable Sins), in one roll (also simply called Asheshe wang jing).

4.189

Dousha jing (Tathāgatotpattisaṃbhava-nirdeśa [Daśabhūmika excerpt]), in one roll (found in the Wu lu and the Sanzang ji).

4.190

Neizang baipin jing (Sūtra of the Hundred Chapters of the Inner Treasury), in one roll (second translation; slightly different from Shigao's translation; the old catalogue calls it Neizang baibao jing; Dao'an says it is extracted from the Vaipulya section; a comprehensive collation of various catalogues shows they all read Baibao [Hundred Jewels] and lack Baipin [Hundred Chapters], so it is known to be this very sūtra).

4.191

Da fangbian bao'en jing (Mahākāruṇika-upāyakauśalya Sūtra on Repaying Kindness), in one roll (found in the Wu lu).

4.192

Guangming sanmei jing (Prabhāsa-samādhi Sūtra), in one roll (lacking in Dao'an's catalogue; found in the Wu lu and the Sanzang ji).

4.193

Chan jing (Dhyāna Sūtra), in one roll (found in the Bie lu).

4.194

Za piyu jing (Miscellaneous Avadāna Sūtra), in one roll (eleven stories in total; Sengyou's catalogue lists it as an anonymous translation; now inspected and found in the Bie lu, so it is recorded here).

4.195

Ayuwang taizi huaimu yinyuan jing (Sūtra on the Causes and Conditions of King Aśoka's Son Blinding His Eyes), in one roll (this king appeared only one hundred thirty years and six months after the Buddha's parinirvāṇa, hence this is not spoken by the Buddha; one edition lacks the character jing; Sengyou's catalogue contains forty-four works).

4.196

The above twenty-one works, comprising sixty-three rolls, were translated by the śramaṇa Lokakṣema (Zhi Loujiachen, also simply called Zhi Chen) of the Yuezhi kingdom, from the Jianhe era of the reign of Emperor Huan to the Zhongping era of Emperor Ling, in Luoyang. The upāsakas Meng Fu, Zhang Lian, and others of Henan served as scribes. Now, as to the old translation being termed Hu banniuan: the character hu is not properly understood. I observe that ever since scriptures appeared in ancient times, when worthy and virtuous masters served as scribes, whenever they reached the translation of language, they inevitably called it 'translating Hu into Chinese (Han)'. Now, 'Hu' refers to the frontier customs of the western states, whereas 'Han' is the designation for the Eastern realm. Furthermore, throughout the nine provinces, the western regions are collectively called Tianzhu; thus the Book of Han refers to the kingdom of Shendu, and Shendu is Tianzhu. There is Central Tianzhu, which is the land of Tianzhu where the Buddha was born; there are East, West, South, and North, hence called the Five Tianzhu. And those Five Tianzhu collectively call this eastern realm Zhina, or Cīnasthāna, or Zhendan; this is merely a difference of pronunciation between Chu and Xia. If one must speak of 'Han', Han belongs solely to the Liu clan; the Former Han and Later Han bore the single designation for two eras. The Later Han abdicated to Wei; Wei was weak and divided into three, leading to Wu and Shu. Though Wei swallowed Shu, it in turn abdicated to Jin. Ever since the Jin ruled, the land of the nine provinces has been divided up, each part having its own master. When sūtras were translated, depending on the place, as both the people and the localities differed, the renderings were not uniform. One must make distinctions based on the imperial reigns and titles. Now, in compiling this catalogue, I have corrected them all accordingly. Moreover, since Hu refers to the frontier customs of the Western Regions, akin to our Di, Qiang, Man, Yi, Gua, and Lao, what scriptures could they have had that one should speak of 'Hu language'? Who was at fault for initially setting up the term 'Hu language' as a standard for the world? The Buddha was born in Tianzhu. The gentry and brahmins of that land are collectively designated as Fan (Brahmā). 'Fan' means pure, deriving descent from the Ābhāsvara [Heaven]. The Ābhāsvara Heaven is the lowest among the Brahmā heavens. At the beginning of the kalpa, when the waters receded and the earth dried up, [beings from that heaven] came down and consumed the earth's sap; their bodies grew coarse and heavy so that they could not fly away, and they subsequently gave birth to humans. Because of their primal origin and ancestry, they are called Fan. Therefore, one ought to speak of the Fan language and Fan script. In the translation of scriptures into Chinese, monks had not yet shaved their heads; in the Wei dynasty, Zhu Shixing was the first to leave home, put on the Dharma robes, and become a monk, yet he still retained his secular surname. Wu and Jin followed one another without changing this custom. Until the Fu Qin dynasty, there arose Shi Dao'an, who alone stood preeminent in his time and was markedly enlightened. Monastics and laity admired him, crowding like rice and hemp. He stated: 'Having shaved our heads and continued the lineage of the Śākya clan, how can we be said to inherit the lineage if the sons bear a different surname from the father? Today, all who leave home should take the name Shi.' Later, when sūtras arrived and the four Āgamas were translated, the text indeed stated: 'When the four castes leave home, they share the single Śākya clan.' Everyone sighed in admiration. (The four castes are: first, Kṣatriya, the royal caste; second, Brāhmaṇa, those of elevated conduct; third, Vaiśya, akin to the gentry and common people of this land; fourth, Śūdra, the lowly, akin to menial servants.) However, Dao'an lived right during the Jin and Qin dynasties, established catalogues, and abridged and annotated various sūtras, styling himself 'Mitai' (Vast as Heaven) and serving as a model for later generations, yet he still spoke of 'translating Hu into Qin', and formulated the five losses of the original and the three difficulties. This was merely a single pebble from Mount Kunlun, not yet wholly consummate. Therefore, wherever the word Hu appeared since antiquity, this catalogue replaces it throughout with the word Fan, in the hope that later wise men of good speech may attain the genuine standard.

4.197

Fajing jing (Ugraparipṛcchā-sūtra), in two rolls (or in one roll; Yan Fodiao served as scribe, and Kang Senghui wrote a commentary; found in Sengyou's catalogue).

4.198

Duan shi'er yinyuan jing (Sūtra on Severing the Twelve Causes and Conditions), one fascicle (Also called Ahan koujie shi'er yinyuan jing; also called simply Ahan koujie jing; also called Anhou koujie jing. Sengyou says it was translated by An Shigao; now examining the catalogues, it was actually translated by An Xuan.)

4.199

The above two works, comprising three fascicles in total, [were translated by] the upāsaka and Cavalry Commandant An Xuan of the Parthian kingdom (Arsacid Empire). In the late reign of Emperor Ling, he traveled as a merchant to Luoyang, and meeting Yan Fotiao, collaborated with him on the translation. People of the era also called him the Marquis An, the Cavalry Commandant. That Sengyou calls him Shigao is simply a confusion arising from their sharing the same surname. Shigao was the crown prince of that kingdom and due to inherit the throne, so he ceded it; Xuan's official title was Marquis. Based directly on the titles of the sūtras, this is clearly verifiable; it was only due to a lack of careful investigation that they were conflated.

4.200

Banzhou sanmei jing (Pratyutpanna-samādhi Sūtra), two fascicles (An old catalogue says Da banzhou sanmei jing; or in one fascicle; the second translation; recorded in the Gaoseng zhuan).

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歷代三寶紀 — Classical Chinese