佛祖歷代通載 1.195

1.195

六天者。欲界六天。色界十七。無色界四。欲界六天者。蘇迷盧山第一層級堅首眾居。第二層級持鬘眾居。第三層級恒憍眾居。持雙山上北方有城。名阿那迦縛帝。多聞天王藥叉眾居。如是東方城名賢上。有大天王。名曰持國。乾闥眾居。西方有城。名曰眾色。有大天王。名曰廣目。龍神眾居。南方有城。名曰增長。有大天王。名曰增長。焰鬘眾居。餘四層級七金山等日月星宿鐵圍輪山贍部洲山多羅樹所四王部眾亦共止住。咸屬四王。是謂一部。彼壽量者。人五十歲為一晝夜。如是壽量經五百年。若其身量一俱盧舍四分之一。三十三天妙高頂上天主帝釋住最勝處共非天女。名曰妙安。同眾天女受諸欲樂無有厭足。復有臨戰所乘象王。名曰善住。遊戲苑中所乘象王。名曰藹羅筏拏（此云持地子）二象周圍各七由旬。各以八千小象眾居。又有馬王。名迅疾風。與八千馬居。天主輔臣數三十二。是故名曰三十三天。諸天子等耽五欲樂。若放逸時。有大天鼓。鼓聲出音警諸天曰。諸行無常。有漏皆苦。諸法無我。寂滅為樂。與修羅軍鬪戰之時。出除苦音警曰。天願得勝。願修羅敗。宮殿城池樹集石等。如前所辨。彼天壽量。人間百歲為一晝夜。如是算數壽一十歲。其天身量半踰闍那○焰摩天者。三十三天共非天諍。此離諍故名離諍天。彼天壽量。人二百歲為一晝夜。如是算數壽二千歲。其天身量二踰闍那○兜率陀天者。有慈氏尊。紹世出世。法王之位受大法樂。謂曰兜率。是俱樂義。人間四百年。彼天一晝夜。壽四千歲。身量四踰闍那○化樂天者。自化受用。謂之化樂。人間八百年。彼天一晝夜。壽八千歲。身量八踰闍那○他化自在天者。受用他化。謂之他化自在。彼天中王威德自在。即是魔主人間千六百年。彼天一晝夜。壽一萬六千歲。身十六踰闍那。下從無間至他化自在天。謂之欲界。耽著欲樂所食段食。故如是說○色界一十七天者。四靜慮攝○初禪三天者。謂梵眾。梵輔。大梵。彼天壽量。梵眾半劫。梵輔一劫。大梵一劫半。彼天身量次第。半由旬。一由旬。一由旬半○二禪三天者。謂少光。無量光。極光。彼天壽量。少光二劫（以上四天。四十中劫為一大劫。已下諸天。八十中劫為一大劫）無量光四劫。極光八劫。彼天身量少光二由旬無量光四由旬。極光八由旬○三禪三天者。謂少善。無量善。廣善。彼天壽量。少善一十六劫。無量善三十二劫。廣善六十四劫。彼天身量。少善十六由旬。無量善三十二由旬。廣善六十四由旬○四禪八天者。無雲。福生。廣果。三是凡居。無煩。無熱。善現。善見。色究竟。五是聖居。名曰五淨居。彼天壽量。無雲百二十五劫。福生二百五十劫。廣果五百劫。無煩一千劫。無熱二千劫。善現四千劫。善見八千劫。色究竟一萬六千劫。彼天身量。無雲一百二十五由旬。福生二百五十由旬。廣果五百由旬。無煩一千由旬。無熱二千由旬。善現四千由旬。善見八千由旬。色究竟一萬六千由旬。始從梵眾至色究竟。皆名色界。出離欲樂非離色故。故名色界○無色界四天者。無有身色亦無處所。從定分四。謂空無邊處。識無邊處。無所有處。非想非非想處彼天壽量。空無邊處二萬大劫。識無邊處四萬大劫。無所有處六萬大劫。非想非非想處八萬大劫。彼等四處。謂無色界。非離定色出離麁色。故名無色。彼等壽量。謂歲劫時。其量云何。時最少者。名為剎那。百二十剎那為一怛剎那。六十怛剎那為一羅婆。三十羅婆為一牟休多（此云須臾）三十牟休多為一晝夜。三十晝夜即為一月。十二箇月即為一年。劫有六種。一中劫（或名減劫）二成劫。三住劫。四壞劫。五空劫。六大劫。一中劫者。或贍部人從無量歲漸漸減至八萬歲時。即成劫攝。從八萬歲減至十歲。謂中劫初。復增八萬歲減至十歲。為一轆轤。如是增減十八數者。為十八中劫然後十歲至八萬歲中劫。後際前後中間十八轆轤。為二十中劫。二成劫者。始從風輪至無間獄。生一有情器世界成。經一中劫如前已說。

Sixth, the devas: there are six heavens of the desire realm, seventeen of the form realm, and four of the formless realm. As for the six heavens of the desire realm: on the first terrace of Mount Sumeru dwell the Firm-Headed (Dṛḍhapratyaya); on the second terrace dwell the Garland-Bearers (Mālādharāḥ); on the third terrace dwell the Ever-Intoxicated (Sadāmattāḥ). On Mount Yugaṃdhara, to the north, is a city named Āḷakamandā, where the Great Heavenly King Vaiśravaṇa and his host of yakṣas dwell. Likewise, to the east is a city named Bhadrā, where there is a Great Heavenly King named Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and the hosts of gandharvas dwell. To the west is a city named Citrā, where there is a Great Heavenly King named Virūpākṣa, and the hosts of nāgas and spirits dwell. To the south is a city named Vardhamānā, where there is a Great Heavenly King named Virūḍhaka, and the hosts of kumbhāṇḍas dwell. On the remaining four terraces, the Seven Golden Mountains, and in the sun, moon, and stars, the Cakravāḍa iron surrounding mountains, the mountains of Jambudvīpa, and the tāla trees, the host of the retinue of the Four Heavenly Kings also dwell together, all belonging to the Four Heavenly Kings. This is called one class. As for their life span: fifty human years constitute one day and night; measuring their life span thus, it lasts five hundred years. As for their bodily size: it is one quarter of a krośa. / In the Heaven of the Thirty-Three (Trāyastriṃśa), atop the summit of Mount Meru, the lord of devas, Śakra, dwells in the supreme place together with an asura maiden named Supratiṣṭhā, enjoying various desires and pleasures with the host of devīs without ever becoming sated. Furthermore, the elephant king he rides when going into battle is named Supratiṣṭhita, while the elephant king he rides when roaming in pleasure gardens is named Airāvaṇa (which translates as 'Son of the Earth-Holder'); the girth of both elephants is seven yojanas each, and each dwells surrounded by a host of eight thousand lesser elephants. There is also a horse king named Śīghrajātin, who dwells with eight thousand horses. The heavenly lord has thirty-two ministers; hence it is called the Heaven of the Thirty-Three. The devas are deeply attached to the pleasures of the five desires. Whenever they become negligent, a great heavenly drum sounds, and the drum's voice warns the devas, saying: 'All conditioned things are impermanent; all contaminated phenomena are suffering; all phenomena are without self; cessation is bliss.' When they do battle with the asura host, it emits a voice that dispels suffering, warning them: 'May the devas gain victory! May the asuras be defeated!' The palaces, walls, moats, tree-assemblies, rocks, and so forth are as explained before. As for the life span of these devas: one hundred human years constitute one day and night; calculated thus, their life span is one thousand years. The bodily size of these devas is half a yojana. / As for the Yāma Heaven: the Heaven of the Thirty-Three fights with the asuras; because this [heaven] is free from fighting, it is called the 'Free from Fighting' (Yāma) Heaven. As for the life span of these devas: two hundred human years constitute one day and night; calculated thus, their life span is two thousand years. The bodily size of these devas is two yojanas. / As for the Tuṣita Heaven: the Venerable Maitreya resides there, succeeding to the position of the Dharma King of both the worldly and transmundane realms and experiencing the great bliss of the Dharma. It is called Tuṣita, which means 'contented joy'. Four hundred human years are one day and night in that heaven, its life span is four thousand years, and their bodily size is four yojanas. / As for the Nirmāṇarati Heaven: they transform objects of enjoyment for themselves, so it is called 'Delighting in Transformations'. Eight hundred human years are one day and night in that heaven, its life span is eight thousand years, and their bodily size is eight yojanas. / As for the Paranirmitavaśavartin Heaven: they enjoy what is transformed by others, so it is called 'Free Mastery over the Transformations of Others'. The king in that heaven has sovereign authority and virtue; he is the Lord Māra. Sixteen hundred human years are one day and night in that heaven, its life span is sixteen thousand years, and their bodies are sixteen yojanas. / From Avīci below up to the Paranirmitavaśavartin Heaven, this is called the desire realm; it is so called because they are attached to the pleasures of desire and eat morsel food. / As for the seventeen heavens of the form realm, they are subsumed under the four dhyānas. / The three heavens of the first dhyāna are: Brahmakāyika, Brahmapurohita, and Mahābrahmā. As for the life span of those devas: Brahmakāyika is half a kalpa, Brahmapurohita is one kalpa, and Mahābrahmā is one and a half kalpas. The bodily sizes of those devas are, in order: half a yojana, one yojana, and one and a half yojanas. / The three heavens of the second dhyāna are: Parīttābha, Apramāṇābha, and Ābhāsvara. As for the life span of those devas: Parīttābha is two kalpas (in the above four heavens, forty antarakalpas make one mahākalpa; in the heavens below, eighty antarakalpas make one mahākalpa), Apramāṇābha is four kalpas, and Ābhāsvara is eight kalpas. The bodily sizes of those devas are: Parīttābha is two yojanas, Apramāṇābha is four yojanas, and Ābhāsvara is eight yojanas. / The three heavens of the third dhyāna are: Parīttaśubha, Apramāṇaśubha, and Śubhakṛtsna. As for the life span of those devas: Parīttaśubha is sixteen kalpas, Apramāṇaśubha is thirty-two kalpas, and Śubhakṛtsna is sixty-four kalpas. The bodily sizes of those devas are: Parīttaśubha is sixteen yojanas, Apramāṇaśubha is thirty-two yojanas, and Śubhakṛtsna is sixty-four yojanas. / As for the eight heavens of the fourth dhyāna: Anabhraka, Puṇyaprasava, and Bṛhatphala—these three are dwellings of ordinary beings; Avṛha, Atapa, Sudṛśa, Sudarśana, and Akaniṣṭha—these five are dwellings of noble beings, called the Five Pure Abodes. As for the life span of those devas: Anabhraka is 125 kalpas, Puṇyaprasava is 250 kalpas, Bṛhatphala is 500 kalpas, Avṛha is 1,000 kalpas, Atapa is 2,000 kalpas, Sudṛśa is 4,000 kalpas, Sudarśana is 8,000 kalpas, and Akaniṣṭha is 16,000 kalpas. The bodily sizes of those devas are: Anabhraka is 125 yojanas, Puṇyaprasava is 250 yojanas, Bṛhatphala is 500 yojanas, Avṛha is 1,000 yojanas, Atapa is 2,000 yojanas, Sudṛśa is 4,000 yojanas, Sudarśana is 8,000 yojanas, and Akaniṣṭha is 16,000 yojanas. From Brahmakāyika at the start up to Akaniṣṭha, all are called the form realm; they are named the form realm because they have renounced the pleasures of desire, yet are not free from form. / As for the four heavens of the formless realm: they have neither physical form nor spatial location, but are distinguished into four based on meditative concentration (samāpatti), namely: the Sphere of Boundless Space (Ākāśānantyāyatana), the Sphere of Boundless Consciousness (Vijñānānantyāyatana), the Sphere of Nothingness (Ākiṃcanyāyatana), and the Sphere of Neither Perception nor Non-Perception (Naivasaṃjñānāsaṃjñāyatana). As for the life span of those devas: the Sphere of Boundless Space is 20,000 mahākalpas, the Sphere of Boundless Consciousness is 40,000 mahākalpas, the Sphere of Nothingness is 60,000 mahākalpas, and the Sphere of Neither Perception nor Non-Perception is 80,000 mahākalpas. These four spheres are called the formless realm; they are not free from meditative form, but have transcended coarse physical form, and so are named formless. / As for their life spans, they are spoken of in years, kalpas, and divisions of time. What are their measurements? The smallest unit of time is named a kṣaṇa; 120 kṣaṇas make one tatkṣaṇa; 60 tatkṣaṇas make one lava; 30 lavas make one muhūrta (translated as xuyu); 30 muhūrtas make one day and night; 30 days and nights make one month; 12 months make one year. There are six kinds of kalpas: first, the antarakalpa (also called the decreasing kalpa); second, the kalpa of formation (vivartakalpa); third, the kalpa of abiding (vivartasthāyikalpa); fourth, the kalpa of destruction (saṃvartakalpa); fifth, the kalpa of voidness (saṃvartasthāyikalpa); and sixth, the great kalpa (mahākalpa). As for the first, the antarakalpa: when the people of Jambudvīpa gradually decrease from an immeasurable life span down to eighty thousand years, this falls within the kalpa of formation. From eighty thousand years decreasing to ten years is called the initial antarakalpa; then increasing again to eighty thousand years and decreasing down to ten years constitutes one cycle. Eighteen such increases and decreases make eighteen antarakalpas. Then, [the final increase] from ten years to eighty thousand years is the final limit of the antarakalpa. Together with the beginning, the end, and the eighteen cycles in between, these make twenty antarakalpas. As for the second, the kalpa of formation: beginning from the wind mandala down to the Avīci Hell, when a single sentient being is born, the receptacle world is formed; it lasts one antarakalpa, as has been explained before.