佛祖歷代通載 3.40

3.40

(14) The tradition says: Before the first hundred years, although people transmitted it differently, the flavor of the Dharma remained unified. The five masters who transmitted the teachings were led by Kāśyapa; he transmitted it to Ānanda, Ānanda transmitted it to Śāṇavāsa, Śāṇavāsa transmitted it to Upagupta, and Upagupta transmitted it to Madhyāntika. From one hundred years after this point onward, the Dharma diverged from its single flavor, becoming like water mixed with milk; dividing fine cloth and splitting gold, each school held disparate views. As divergent lineages emerged, the two root divisions arose: first, the Sthaviravāda, and second, the Mahāsāṃghika. Over three hundred years, they split again and again. The Mahāsāṃghika and its branches formed nine distinct schools: the Mahāsāṃghika, Ekavyāvahārika, Lokottaravāda, Kaukkuṭika, Bahuśrutīya, Prajñaptivāda, Caityavāda, Aparaśaila, and Uttaraśaila. The Sthaviravāda and its branches formed eleven schools: the Sarvāstivāda, Sthaviravāda, Vātsīputrīya, Dharmottarīya, Bhadrayānīya, Saṃmatīya, Ṣaṇṇagarika, Mahīśāsaka, Dharmaguptaka, Kāśyapīya, and Sautrāntika. Alas, to pure silk hemp has been added, and to delicious milk water has been poured! Those yearning for the Way are confounded by divergent heterodoxies. Who is wrong, and what is right? How lamentable!