釋氏稽古略 3.19

3.19

武德七年二月。改大總管為大都督府。三月初定令以太尉司徒司空為三公。次尚書門下中書祕書殿中內侍為六省。次御史臺次太常至太府為九寺。次將作監次國子學次天策上將府次左右衛至左右領衛為十四衛。東宮置三師三少詹事及兩坊三寺于率府。王公置府佐國官。公主置邑司。並為京職事官。州縣鎮戍為外職事官。自開府儀同三司至將仕郎二十八階為文散官。驃騎大將軍至陪戎副尉三十一階為武散官。上柱國至武騎尉十二等為勳官。四月庚子朔頒新律令。比隋開皇舊制增新格五十三條。初定均田租庸調法。凡民貲業分九等。百戶為里。五里為鄉。四家為隣。四隣為保。在城邑者為坊。田野者為村。食祿之家無得與民爭利。工商雜類無預士伍。男女始生為黃。四歲為小。十六為中。二十為丁。六十為老。歲造計帳。三年造戶籍（唐書）。

In the seventh year of Wude, in the second month, the Offices of the Grand Area Commander were changed to Offices of the Area Commander-in-Chief. In the third month, statutes were first established: the Grand Preceptor, Minister of Education, and Minister of Works were made the Three Excellencies. Next were the Department of State Affairs, the Chancellery, the Secretariat, the Palace Library, the Palace Domestic Service, and the Palace Eunuch Service, making Six Departments. Next was the Censorate, and next were the Court of Imperial Sacrifices down to the Court of the National Granaries, making Nine Courts. Next were the Directorate for the Palace Buildings, next the Directorate of Education, next the Office of the Heavenly Strategy Senior General, next the Left and Right Militant Guards down to the Left and Right Leading Guards, making Fourteen Guards. In the Heir Apparent's Palace were established the Three Preceptors, the Three Junior Mentors, the Supervisorate of the Household, and the two secretariats, three courts, and ten brigade offices. For princes and dukes, princely staff and state officers were instituted; for princesses, town administrative offices were established. These were all central administrative posts. Those in prefectures, counties, garrisons, and outposts were regional administrative posts. From Specially Promoted with Equal Status to the Three Excellencies down to Gentleman for Rendering Service, there were twenty-eight grades of civil prestige titles. From Grand General of Agile Cavalry down to Vice Commandant of the Attendant Garrison, there were thirty-one grades of military prestige titles. From Senior Pillar of State down to Commandant of Martial Cavalry, there were twelve classes of merit titles. In the fourth month, on the gengzi new moon, the new penal code and administrative statutes were promulgated; compared with the old system of the Kaihuang era of Sui, fifty-three new regulations were added. The equal-field system and the tax-in-grain, corvée, and textile-tribute statutes were first established. The wealth and property of all commoners were divided into nine grades. One hundred households formed a hamlet (li); five hamlets formed a township (xiang). Four families formed a neighborhood (lin); four neighborhoods formed a precinct (bao). Those in cities and towns were wards (fang); those in the fields and countryside were villages (cun). Families receiving official stipends were not permitted to compete for profit with the common people. Craftsmen, merchants, and miscellaneous classes were not included in the ranks of the literati and gentry. Males and females at birth were called infants (huang); at four years of age, minor (xiao); at sixteen, intermediate (zhong); at twenty, adult (ding); at sixty, elder (lao). Household budget books were compiled annually, and population registers were compiled every three years (Tangshu).