宋高僧傳 3.49

3.49

Sixth, direct speech and esoteric speech: forming propositions in two ways, touching upon the conventional is direct, and touching upon the ultimate is esoteric, such as pharuṣa. 1. Direct and not esoteric: when pharuṣa is translated as 'dwelling in harsh speech', because with harsh speech, nobody approaches close to one. 2. Esoteric and not direct: when pharuṣa is translated as 'the other shore known by the bodhisattva', because once one has penetrated the principle of the three non-natures, one is likewise not approached closely by sentient beings. 3. Both: that is, being the same as good and evil, ultimate and conventional, neither can be approached closely. 4. Neither: that is, eliminating the aforementioned characteristics. Furthermore, abhidhyālu (meaning 'repeatedly attaining absorption'), utpatti (meaning 'arising, uprooting, and turning away'), and sāra (meaning 'true reality free from distraction'). These various terms in the sūtras and treatises exemplify direct and esoteric meanings. Furthermore, regarding Hu and Sanskrit scripts and words, the four propositions are easy to understand. As a rule, all such categories encompass the purport of those scriptures; those who understand do not see the whole ox, and practitioners merely follow the old horse.