大唐西域記 12.8

12.8

活國，覩貨邏國故地也。周二千餘里。國大都城周二十餘里。無別君長，役屬突厥。上地平坦，穀稼時播，草木榮茂，花菓具繁。氣序和暢，風俗淳質。人性躁烈，衣服氈褐。多信三寶，少事諸神。伽藍十餘所，僧徒數百人，大小二乘，兼功綜習。其王，突厥也，管鐵門已南諸小國，遷徙鳥居，不常其邑。

This country is also the old land of the Tuh-ho-lo country. It is about 3000 li in circuit; the chief town is about 10 li. There is no chief ruler, but the country depends on the Turks. The land is level and plain. It is regularly cultivated, and produces cereals in abundance. Trees and shrubs grow plentifully, and flowers and fruits (of various kinds) are wonderfully abundant. The climate is soft and agreeable; the manners of the people simple and honest. The men are naturally quick and impulsive; they clothe themselves with woollen garments. Many believe in the three precious objects (of worship), and a few pay their adoration to the spirits. There are ten saṅghārāmas with several hundred followers (priests). They study both the Great and the Little Vehicle, and practise the discipline of both. The king is of the Turkish clan; he governs all the little kingdoms to the south of the Iron Gates. He constantly shifts his dwelling, like a bird (his bird-dwelling), not constantly occupying this town.
Going east from this, we enter the T'sung-ling mountains. These mountains are situated in the middle of Jambudvīpa. On the south they border on the great snowy mountains; on the north they reach to the hot sea (Lake Temurtu), and to the "Thousand Springs;" on the west they extend to the kingdom of Hwoh; on the east to the kingdom of U-cha (Och). From east to west and from north to south they run equally for several thousand li, and abound in many hundreds of steep peaks and dark valleys. The mountain heights are rendered dangerous by the glaciers and frozen snow. The cold winds blow with fury. As the land produces a great quantity of onions therefore it is called T'sung-ling; or because the crags of these mountains have a greenish-blue tint, hence also the name.
Going east 100 li or so, we come to the kingdom of Mung-kin.