大唐西域記 12.9

12.9

從此東入葱嶺。葱嶺者，據贍部洲中，南接大雪山，北至熱海、千泉，西至活國，東至烏鎩國，東西南北各數千里。崖嶺數百重，幽谷險峻，恒積氷雪，寒風勁烈。多出葱，故謂葱嶺；又以山崖葱翠，遂以名焉。東行百餘里，至瞢健國。

This country is also the old land of the Tuh-ho-lo country. It is about 3000 li in circuit; the chief town is about 10 li. There is no chief ruler, but the country depends on the Turks. The land is level and plain. It is regularly cultivated, and produces cereals in abundance. Trees and shrubs grow plentifully, and flowers and fruits (of various kinds) are wonderfully abundant. The climate is soft and agreeable; the manners of the people simple and honest. The men are naturally quick and impulsive; they clothe themselves with woollen garments. Many believe in the three precious objects (of worship), and a few pay their adoration to the spirits. There are ten saṅghārāmas with several hundred followers (priests). They study both the Great and the Little Vehicle, and practise the discipline of both. The king is of the Turkish clan; he governs all the little kingdoms to the south of the Iron Gates. He constantly shifts his dwelling, like a bird (his bird-dwelling), not constantly occupying this town.
Going east from this, we enter the T'sung-ling mountains. These mountains are situated in the middle of Jambudvīpa. On the south they border on the great snowy mountains; on the north they reach to the hot sea (Lake Temurtu), and to the "Thousand Springs;" on the west they extend to the kingdom of Hwoh; on the east to the kingdom of U-cha (Och). From east to west and from north to south they run equally for several thousand li, and abound in many hundreds of steep peaks and dark valleys. The mountain heights are rendered dangerous by the glaciers and frozen snow. The cold winds blow with fury. As the land produces a great quantity of onions therefore it is called T'sung-ling; or because the crags of these mountains have a greenish-blue tint, hence also the name.
Going east 100 li or so, we come to the kingdom of Mung-kin.