辯正論 6.17

6.17

開士曰。智度論云。千千重數。故曰三千。二過復千。故曰大千。迦維羅衛居其中也。婁炭經云。葱河已東名為震旦。以日初出曜於東隅。故稱震旦。一本云。故得名也。諸佛出世皆在其中州不生邊邑。若生邊地地為之傾。案法苑傳高僧傳永初記等云。宋何承天與智嚴慧觀法師。共爭邊中。法師云。西域之地立夏之日。一本云。夏至之日。正中時豎木無影。漢國影臺立夏之日。一本云。至期去表猶餘陰在。依算經。天上一寸地下千里。何乃悟焉。中邊始定。約事為論。中天竺國則地之中。震旦自可為東。一本云本自居中心方別。距海五萬餘里。若准此土。東約海濱便可迦維未肯為西。其理驗矣。

The bodhisattva says: The Treatise on the Great Perfection of Wisdom states: 'A thousand thousandfold count is called three thousand; doubling past a thousand again is called a great thousand. Kapilavastu lies in the very centre of it.' The Loutan jing states: 'East of the Onion Range is named Cīnasthāna (Zhendan). Because the sun first rises and shines upon the eastern corner, it is called Cīnasthāna.' Another edition reads: 'Hence it received this name.' When the Buddhas appear in the world, they are always in the central realm and are not born in border regions; if born in a borderland, the earth would tilt on their account. According to the Fayuan zhuan, Gaoseng zhuan, Yongchu ji, and other texts, He Chengtian of the Song debated about the border and the centre with Dharma Masters Zhiyan and Huiguan. The Dharma Masters said: 'In the Western Regions, on the day of the Beginning of Summer'—another edition reads 'on the day of the Summer Solstice'—'at exact noon, an upright pole casts no shadow. At the shadow platform in the Han lands, on the day of the Beginning of Summer'—another edition reads 'at the appointed time'—'away from the gnomon a shadow still remains.' According to mathematical treatises, an inch in the heavens equals a thousand li on earth; only then did He realise it, and the centre and border were at last determined. Discussing it in terms of facts, the realm of Central India is the centre of the earth, whereas Cīnasthāna may rightly be considered the east. Another edition reads: 'Originally residing in the centre, the directions are distinct; it is more than fifty thousand li from the sea.' If measured by this land, reaching east to the seacoast, Kapilavastu can by no means be considered the west; the truth of this is verified.