法苑珠林 29.13

29.13

又東行至濫波國。即是印度之北境。言印度者。即是天竺之正名。亦名申毒賢豆。此並訛號。北背雪山。三垂大海。地形南狹如月上弦。川平廣衍。周萬九千里。七十餘國。依一王命。又東行百餘里逾大嶺大河。至那伽羅曷國。屬北印度。名華氏城。城東二里有石塔。高三百尺編石特起雕鏤非常。此即昔時值然燈佛授記。敷鹿皮衣髮布掩泥之地。經劫猶存此無憂王建此石塔。每於齋日天輒雨華。又城內大塔故基。舊有佛齒。別塔高三丈餘。云從空而來。既非人工寔多靈異。城西南十餘里有塔。是佛自中印度陵空來降迹處。次東有塔。是昔值然燈佛買華處。又城東二十餘里小石嶺上有塔。高二百餘尺。東岸石壁大洞穴。是龍王所居。昔佛於此化龍留影。煥若真形。至誠請者乃暫明現。窟外方石有佛足迹。輪相發光。窟西北隅塔者佛經行處。又側有髮爪塔。窟西石上有濯袈裟文。又城東三十餘里有醯羅城。中有重閣。上安佛頂骨。周尺二寸。其色黃白髮孔分明。欲知善惡用香泥印之。反觀香泥隨心而現。又有佛髑髏。狀如荷葉。色同頂骨。有佛眼精。大如柰許。清白映徹。並用七寶盛。前三迹又以寶函盛而緘封。有佛大衣細㲲黃色。置寶函中。微有壞相。有佛錫杖。白鐵作環栴檀為笴。寶銅盛之。斯五聖迹。王令五淨行者執持掌護。有須見者稅一金錢。請印稅五科。寶乃重觀禮彌繁。閣西北有小塔而多靈異。人以手觸基上塔鈴便大震動。又東南山谷行五百里至健陀邏國。屬北印度。有大論師。如脇尊者造毘婆沙處。又有菩薩捨千眼處又有佛化鬼子母處。又有商莫迦菩薩（舊云睒子是也）被王射處。又有彈多落迦（舊云檀特山也）山。嶺上是蘇達拏棲隱之所。婆羅門捶男女處。流血塗地。今現草木皆同絳色。巖間石室妃習定處。又有獨角大仙為女亂處。

Further, going east, one reaches the country of Lampāka, which is the northern border of India. The word 'India' (Yindu) is the correct name for Tianzhu; other names such as Shendu and Xiandou are corrupt transliterations. It backs onto the Snow Mountains in the north and borders the great ocean on three sides. Its terrain narrows toward the south like the crescent moon of the first quarter. Its plains are vast and broad, with a perimeter of nineteen thousand li. Its seventy-odd countries obey the command of one king. Further, traveling east for more than one hundred li, crossing great ridges and a major river, one reaches the country of Nagarahāra, which belongs to North India and is named the City of Flowers (Kusumapura). Two li east of the city, there is a stone stupa, three hundred feet high, constructed of stacked stones that rise remarkably high, with extraordinary carvings. This is the place where in the past [the Bodhisattva] encountered Dīpaṃkara Buddha, received his prediction, and spread out his deer-skin robe and unbound his hair to cover the mud. Through kalpas it still survives; King Aśoka built this stone stupa. On every fast day, flowers invariably rain down from the sky. Within the city, on the old foundation of a great stupa, there was formerly a tooth of the Buddha. Another stupa, over thirty feet high, is said to have come from the sky; being not of human workmanship, it is indeed full of numinous wonders. Over ten li southwest of the city, there is a stupa at the place where the Buddha descended through the air from Central India leaving his traces. Next to its east is a stupa marking the place where in the past he bought flowers when encountering Dīpaṃkara Buddha. Furthermore, more than twenty li east of the city, on a small stone ridge, there is a stupa over two hundred feet high. On the stone cliff of the eastern bank is a great cave, which is the dwelling place of a Nāga King. Formerly, the Buddha converted the Nāga here and left behind his shadow, which is as radiant as his true form. Only those who entreat with the utmost sincerity can see it appear clearly for a short time. Outside the cave, on a square stone, are the Buddha's footprints, with wheel marks that emit light. The stupa at the northwest corner of the cave is the place where the Buddha paced back and forth (caṅkramaṇa). Beside it is a stupa for his hair and nails. On the stone west of the cave are the marks where his kāṣāya was washed. Further, more than thirty li east of the city is the town of Hiḍḍa. Within it is a multistoried pavilion, above which is housed the uṣṇīṣa bone of the Buddha. It is one foot two inches in circumference, yellowish-white in color, with its hair pores clearly visible. Those who wish to know good and bad fortune press it with fragrant paste, and upon observing the fragrant paste, the images appear according to one's heart. There is also the Buddha's skull, shaped like a lotus leaf and identical in color to the uṣṇīṣa bone. There are the Buddha's eyeballs, as large as crab-apples, pure white and lucidly transparent. All are contained within vessels of the seven precious substances. The former three relics are further enclosed and sealed within precious caskets. There is the Buddha's saṅghāṭī robe, made of fine yellowish cotton cloth, placed in a precious casket, showing slight signs of decay. There is the Buddha's monk's staff (khakkhara), with rings made of white iron and a shaft made of sandalwood, housed in precious bronze. As for these five sacred relics, the king ordered five pure-living persons (brahmacārins) to take charge of and guard them. Whoever wishes to view them pays a tax of one gold coin, and whoever requests an impression pays five coins. Because the treasures are valued, the pilgrims and worshipers are all the more numerous. Northwest of the pavilion, there is a small stupa with many numinous wonders; when someone touches the bell atop the base, it violently shakes. Further, traveling five hundred li through mountain valleys to the southeast, one reaches the country of Gandhāra, belonging to North India. It is the place where great treatises masters, such as the Venerable Pārśva, composed the Vibhāṣā. There is also the place where the Bodhisattva gave away his thousand eyes, the place where the Buddha converted Hārītī, the place where the Bodhisattva Śyāmaka was shot by the king, and Mount Daṇḍaloka, upon whose peak was the hermitage of Sudāna (Viśvantara). It was the place where the Brahman whipped his son and daughter, their blood flowing and smearing the ground; today the grass and trees there are all crimson in color. A stone cave among the crags was where the royal consort practiced meditation. There is also the place where the Great Ṛṣi Ekaśṛṅga was seduced by a woman.