法苑珠林 66.19

66.19

又九橫經云。佛告比丘。有九輩。九因緣命未盡時便橫死。一為不應飯為飯。二為不量飯。三為不習飯。四為不出生。五為止熟。六為不持戒。七為近惡知識。八為入里不時不知法行。九為可避不避。如是為九因緣人命為橫盡。一不應飯者。名不可意飯。亦為飽腹不調。二不量飯者。名不知節度多飯過足。三不習飯者。名為不知時。冬夏為至他國。不知俗宜飯食未習。四不出生飯者。為飯物未消復上飯。不服藥吐下。由未時消。五為止熟者。大小便來時不即時行。噫噦嚏下風來時制。六不持戒者。名為犯五戒殺盜婬兩舌飲酒。使入縣官捶杖斫刺。或從怨手死。或驚悑念罪憂死。七為近惡知識者。坐不離惡知識故不覺善惡。八為入里不時者。名為冥行。亦里有諍。縣官長吏追捕不避。不如法行妄入他家舍。九為可避不避者。為弊惡象馬牛車蛇蚖井水火刀杖醉惡人等忤擾。是為九橫人命未盡當坐是盡。又五陰譬喻經佛說偈云。

Furthermore, the Sūtra on the Nine Untimely Deaths says: The Buddha told the monks, "There are nine sorts, nine causal conditions, whereby when life is not yet exhausted, one dies an untimely death: first, eating what should not be eaten; second, eating without moderation; third, eating what one is unaccustomed to; fourth, not digesting [food] out; fifth, retaining what has matured; sixth, not upholding the precepts; seventh, associating with bad companions; eighth, entering a village at an improper time and not acting according to Dharma; ninth, not avoiding what can be avoided. Such are the nine causal conditions by which human life is brought to an untimely end. 'Eating what should not be eaten' refers to eating unwholesome food, or filling the belly intemperately. 'Eating without moderation' refers to not knowing regulation and eating to excess beyond satisfaction. 'Eating what one is unaccustomed to' refers to not knowing the proper season, going to another country in winter or summer, not knowing local customs, and eating unaccustomed food. 'Not digesting [food] out' refers to eating again when previously eaten food has not yet digested, not taking medicine to vomit or purge, due to its not having digested in time. 'Retaining what has matured' refers to not evacuating immediately when urination or defecation arises, or suppressing belching, hiccups, sneezing, and flatulence when they arise. 'Not upholding the precepts' refers to violating the five precepts: killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, double-tongued speech, and drinking alcohol, which causes one to fall into the hands of the authorities to be beaten with canes, hacked, and stabbed, or to die at the hands of an enemy, or to die of terror and grief over one's offenses. 'Associating with bad companions' refers to sitting and not parting from bad companions, so that one fails to perceive good and evil. 'Entering a village at an improper time' refers to traveling in the dark, or when there is strife in the village and magistrates are pursuing arrests and one does not avoid them, or not acting according to Dharma and entering another's house recklessly. 'Not avoiding what can be avoided' refers to being harassed and injured by vicious elephants, horses, ox-carts, vipers, pit-traps, water, fire, blades, clubs, drunken and wicked persons, and the like. These are the nine untimely [deaths]; when human life is not yet exhausted, it is brought to an end on account of these." Furthermore, in the Sūtra on the Similes of the Five Aggregates, the Buddha spoke in verse, saying: