法苑珠林 88.46

88.46

問曰。漸頓云何。答曰。皆得。故成實論。問云。有人言。五戒具受。此事云何。答曰。隨受多少皆得戒律儀。但取要為五。故優婆塞戒經云。或有一分。或有少分。或有無分。或有多分。或有滿分。若受三歸已不受五戒名優婆塞。若受三歸受持一戒。是名一分。受三歸已受持二戒。是名少分。若受三歸已。受持一戒。若破一戒。是名無分。若受三歸受持四戒。是名多分。若受三歸受持五戒。是名滿分。汝今欲受何分。爾時智者當隨意授。又智度論云。戒有五種。始從不殺乃至不飲酒若受一戒。是一分行。若受二戒三戒。是名少分行。若受四戒。是名多分行。若受五戒。是名滿分行。斷婬者。受五戒已。於戒師前。更作誓言。我今於自（婦夫）不復行婬。是名五戒。增一阿含經亦云。一分二分得受。問曰。既得漸受。可從五師各得受一不。答曰。如付法藏經云。尊者薄拘羅受一不殺生戒。得五不死報。問曰。得重受不者。既受五戒。後時更得重受不。答曰。依成實論。得重發戒。故四分律。末利夫人第二第三重向佛受亦得。

Question: How is it with gradual or sudden [reception]? Answer: Both are permissible. Therefore, the *Tattvasiddhi-śāstra* asks: "Some say that the five precepts must be received in full; how is this matter?" It answers: "According to whether one receives few or many, one obtains the moral discipline in every case. They are merely summarized into five." Therefore, the *Upāsaka-śīla-sūtra* states: "There is a one-part [precept holder], there is a lesser-part [precept holder], there is a non-part [precept holder], there is a major-part [precept holder], and there is a full-part [precept holder]. If having taken the three refuges one does not take the five precepts, one is called an upāsaka. If having taken the three refuges one receives and upholds one precept, this is called 'one part.' If having taken the three refuges one receives and upholds two precepts, this is called 'a lesser part.' If having taken the three refuges one receives and upholds one precept and then breaks that one precept, this is called 'no part.' If having taken the three refuges one receives and upholds four precepts, this is called 'a major part.' If having taken the three refuges one receives and upholds five precepts, this is called 'the full part.' Which part do you now wish to receive?" At that time, the wise [preceptor] should confer them as desired. Furthermore, the *Mahāprajñāpāramitā-śāstra* states: "There are five kinds of precepts, beginning from non-killing up to not drinking alcohol. If one receives one precept, this is practice of one part. If one receives two or three precepts, this is called practice of a lesser part. If one receives four precepts, this is called practice of a major part. If one receives five precepts, this is called practice of the full part. As for severing sexual misconduct: after having received the five precepts, before the precept master one makes a further vow: 'From now on, toward my own [wife or husband] I will no longer engage in sexual intercourse.' This is called the five precepts." The *Ekottarika-āgama* also states: "Receiving one part or two parts is permissible." Question: Since gradual reception is permissible, may one receive one each from five separate masters? Answer: As the *Fu fazang jing* states, the venerable Bakkula received merely the single precept against killing living beings, and obtained the retribution of five escapes from death. Question: Is repeated reception permissible? That is, having already received the five precepts, can one at a later time receive them again? Answer: According to the *Tattvasiddhi-śāstra*, one may repeatedly arouse the precepts. Therefore, the *Dharmaguptaka-vinaya* [records that] Queen Mallikā received them facing the Buddha a second and a third time, which was also permissible.