法苑珠林 93.17

93.17

又梵網經云。若自身手過酒器與人飲酒者。五百世中無手。何況自飲。不得教一切人飲及一切眾生飲酒。況自飲酒。又優婆塞五戒相經云。佛在支提國跋陀羅婆提邑。是處有惡龍名菴羅婆提陀。匈暴害人。無人得到其處。象馬無能近者。乃至諸鳥不得過上。秋穀熟時並皆破滅。時有長老莎伽陀羅漢比丘。游行支提國。漸到跋陀羅波提邑。過是夜已晨朝著衣持鉢入村乞食。時聞此邑有惡龍匈暴害人鳥獸。及破滅秋穀。聞已乞食到菴婆羅提龍住處眾鳥樹下。敷座具大坐。龍聞衣氣即發瞋恚。從身出煙。長老莎伽陀即入三昧。以神通力身亦出煙。龍倍瞋恚。身上出火。莎伽陀復入火光三昧。身亦出火。龍復雨雹。莎伽陀即變雹作釋俱餅髓餅等。龍復霹靂。莎伽陀變作種。種歡喜丸。龍復雨弓箭刀矟。莎伽陀即變作優鉢羅華波頭摩華等。龍復雨毒蛇蜈蚣蝮虺蚰蜒。莎伽陀即變作優鉢羅華瓔珞瞻蔔華瓔珞等。如是等龍所有勢力。盡現向莎伽陀皆不能勝即失威力光明。莎伽陀知龍力盡不能復動。即變作細身。從龍兩耳入從兩眼出已從鼻入。從鼻入已從口中出。在龍頭上。往來經行。不傷龍身。爾時龍見如是事已。心即大驚怖毛竪。合掌向莎伽陀言。我歸依汝。莎伽陀答言。汝莫歸依我。當歸依我師佛。龍答言。我從今歸依三寶。知我盡形作佛優婆塞。是龍受三自歸作佛弟子已。更不復作如先匈惡事。諸人及鳥獸皆得到所。秋穀不傷。名聲流布諸國。皆知長老莎伽陀。能降伏惡龍折伏令善。因莎伽陀名聲流布。諸人皆作食傳爭請之。是中有一貧女人。信敬請得莎伽陀。是女為辦酥乳糜食之。女人作念思惟。是沙門噉是酥乳糜。或當冷發。便取似水色酒持與莎伽陀。莎伽陀不看便飲。飲已為說法。便去過向寺中。爾時酒勢便發。近寺門邊不覺倒地。僧伽梨衣漉水囊鉢杖等。各在一處。身在一處。醉無所覺。佛與阿難。行到是處。見是比丘。知而故問。阿難。此是何人。答言。世尊。此是長老莎伽陀。佛即語阿難。是處為我敷座辦水集僧。阿難受教敷座辦水集僧已。白佛言。已集。佛自知時。佛即洗足坐已問諸比丘。汝等曾見聞。有龍名菴婆羅提陀。匈暴惡害。先無有人到其住處。乃至鳥獸無能到上。秋穀熟時破滅諸穀。莎伽陀能折伏令善。鳥獸得到泉上。是中有見聞者言聞。佛語諸比丘。於汝意云何。此善男子莎伽陀。今能折伏蝦蟇不。答言。不能。佛言。聖人飲酒尚如是失。何況凡夫。如是過罪皆由飲酒。今從自後。若言我是佛弟子者。不得飲酒。乃至小草頭一滴亦不得飲。佛種種呵責飲酒過失已。依律因此比丘便制不飲酒戒。

Furthermore, the *Brahmajāla Sūtra* states: "If one passes a vessel containing liquor with one's own hands to another person for them to drink, one will lack hands for five hundred lifetimes. How much more so if one drinks it oneself! One must not teach any person to drink, nor any sentient being to drink liquor. How much more so drinking liquor oneself!" Furthermore, the *Upāsakapañcaśīla-sūtra* states: "The Buddha was in Bhadravatī town in the country of Ceti. In this place there was an evil nāga named Amratīrtha, who was violent and harmed people. No person could reach that place, nor could elephants or horses approach it, and even birds could not fly over it. When the autumn grain ripened, it was completely destroyed. At that time, there was an elder arhat bhikṣu named Sāgata traveling through the country of Ceti, who gradually arrived at the town of Bhadravatī. After that night passed, in the morning he donned his robes, took up his bowl, and entered the village to beg for alms. At that time, he heard that this town had an evil nāga that was violent and harmed people, birds, and beasts, and destroyed the autumn grain. Having heard this, he begged for alms and went to the dwelling place of the nāga Amratīrtha beneath a grove of trees frequented by birds. He spread out his sitting mat and sat cross-legged. The nāga smelled the scent of his robes and immediately flew into a rage, emitting smoke from its body. The elder Sāgata immediately entered samādhi, and through the power of his supernatural faculties, he also emitted smoke from his body. The nāga's anger doubled, and it emitted fire from its body. Sāgata again entered the fire-radiance samādhi, and his body also emitted fire. The nāga then rained down hail; Sāgata immediately transformed the hail into śaṣkulī cakes, marrow cakes, and the like. The nāga then hurled thunderbolts; Sāgata transformed them into various delight-balls (modakas). The nāga then rained down bows, arrows, knives, and spears; Sāgata immediately transformed them into utpala flowers, padma flowers, and the like. The nāga then rained down venomous snakes, centipedes, vipers, adders, and house centipedes; Sāgata immediately transformed them into garlands of utpala flowers, garlands of campaka flowers, and the like. When all such powers possessed by the nāga were fully displayed against Sāgata, none could prevail, and it immediately lost its power and radiance. Sāgata knew the nāga's strength was exhausted and it could no longer stir; he then transformed himself into a minute body, entered through the nāga's two ears and exited through its two eyes, then entered through its nose. Having entered through the nose, he exited through its mouth. On top of the nāga's head, he walked back and forth, not harming the nāga's body. At that time, when the nāga saw such events, its heart was struck with great terror and its hair stood on end. It joined its palms toward Sāgata and said: 'I take refuge in you.' Sāgata replied: 'Do not take refuge in me; you should take refuge in my teacher, the Buddha.' The nāga replied: 'From now on, I take refuge in the Three Jewels; know that for the rest of my life I will be a lay disciple (upāsaka) of the Buddha.' Once this nāga received the three refuges and became a disciple of the Buddha, it never again performed such violent and evil acts as before. All the people, birds, and beasts were able to reach the place, and the autumn grain was uninjured. His fame spread throughout all the countries, and everyone knew that the elder Sāgata was able to subdue the evil nāga and tame it to goodness. Because Sāgata's fame spread, people all prepared food and vied with one another to invite him. Among them was a poor woman who, with faithful veneration, succeeded in inviting Sāgata. This woman prepared milk rice with ghee for him to eat. The woman thought to herself: 'This śramaṇa has eaten this milk rice with ghee, and it may cause coldness to arise.' She then took water-colored liquor and brought it to Sāgata. Sāgata drank it without looking. Having drunk it, he preached the Dharma for her, then left and headed toward the monastery. At that time, the potency of the liquor took effect, and near the monastery gate he inadvertently collapsed to the ground. His saṃghāṭī robe, water strainer, bowl, staff, and other items were scattered in different places, while his body lay in another, drunk and completely senseless. The Buddha and Ānanda walked to that place and saw this bhikṣu. Knowing full well, the Buddha intentionally asked: 'Ānanda, who is this person?' Ānanda replied: 'World-Honoured One, this is the elder Sāgata.' The Buddha then said to Ānanda: 'Spread out a seat for me here, prepare water, and assemble the saṃgha.' Ānanda received the instruction, spread out the seat, prepared water, assembled the saṃgha, and addressed the Buddha, saying: 'They are assembled; the Buddha knows the proper time.' The Buddha washed his feet, sat down, and asked the bhikṣus: 'Have you ever seen or heard that there was a nāga named Amratīrtha, violent, evil, and harmful, whose dwelling place no person had reached before, nor could birds or beasts reach, and which destroyed all the crops when the autumn grain ripened, but whom Sāgata was able to subdue and make good, so that birds and beasts could reach the spring?' Among them, those who had seen or heard said they had heard. The Buddha said to the bhikṣus: 'What do you think? Can this good man Sāgata now subdue even a frog?' They replied: 'He cannot.' The Buddha said: 'If even a holy person has such a failing from drinking liquor, how much more so an ordinary person! Such transgressions are all caused by drinking liquor. From now on, if anyone says, "I am a disciple of the Buddha," they must not drink liquor—even a drop on the tip of a blade of grass may not be drunk.' After the Buddha had admonished the faults of drinking liquor in various ways, in accordance with the Vinaya, he instituted the precept against drinking liquor on account of this bhikṣu."