法苑珠林 99.53

99.53

如四分律云。凡欲入眾當具五法。一應以慈心。二應自卑下如拭塵巾。三應知坐起法。若見上座不應安坐。若見下座不應起立。四至彼僧中不為雜說談世俗事。若自說若請他說。五若見僧中不可意事心不安忍。應作默然住之。故智度論云。佛聖弟子住和合故有二種法。一賢聖語。二賢聖默（今見齋會之處。後生前到。已得上好之處若見上座老師。來都不起迎送遜讓坐處。滅法之深。寔猶年少。復見向他貴勝之家。或經新喪重孝。或為考妣遠忌設齋。僧眾放蕩情歡諠閙亂眾。豈免俗譏高僧之類）。三千威儀經云。凡欲上床當具七法。一庠踞床。二不得匍匐上。三不使床有聲。四不得大拂床有聲。五不得大吒歎息思惟世事。六不得狗群臥。七以時節早起。地持論云。若見眾生當慰問歡顏先語平視和色正念在前。若菩薩知他眾生有實功德。以嫌恨心不向人說。亦不讚歎。有讚歎者。不唱善哉。是名為犯眾。多犯是犯。染污起故。梁攝論云。菩薩若見眾生當歡笑先言然後共語故。

As the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya states: Whenever one wishes to enter the saṃgha, one must possess five qualities. First, one should act with a mind of loving-kindness. Second, one should humble oneself like a dust cloth. Third, one should know the rules for sitting down and rising: if one sees a senior elder, one should not remain comfortably seated; if one sees a junior, one should not rise. Fourth, when arriving among that saṃgha, one must not engage in miscellaneous talk or speak of worldly affairs, whether speaking oneself or inviting others to speak. Fifth, if one sees displeasing matters in the saṃgha and one's mind cannot bear them with patience, one should abide in silence. Therefore the Mahāprajñāpāramitā-śāstra states: 'Because the noble disciples of the Buddha dwell in harmony, there are two kinds of practices: first, noble speech; second, noble silence.' (Nowadays, at vegetarian feasts, we see juniors arriving early and taking the finest seats. When they see senior elders and teachers arrive, they do not stand to receive them or defer their seats at all. The profundity of the Dharma’s decline is truly caused by such youths! Furthermore, we see them going to the homes of the noble and eminent, whether during recent bereavement and severe mourning, or when hosting a feast for the distant death anniversary of parents, the assembly of monks behaves licentiously and noisily, indulging in pleasure and disordering the community. How can they escape the worldly ridicule leveled against such eminent monks?) The Sūtra of Three Thousand Dignified Manners states: 'Whenever one wishes to mount a bed, one must possess seven rules: first, sit down on the bed slowly; second, one must not crawl up; third, one must not make the bed creak; fourth, one must not dust the bed vigorously so as to make noise; fifth, one must not click the tongue loudly, sigh, and brood over worldly affairs; sixth, one must not sleep huddled together like dogs; seventh, one must rise early according to the seasons.' The Bodhisattvabhūmi-śāstra states: 'If one sees sentient beings, one should console them with a joyful face, speaking first, looking directly with a gentle expression, with correct mindfulness present before oneself. If a bodhisattva knows that other sentient beings have actual merits, yet out of resentment does not speak of them to others, nor praises them, or when others praise them, does not say "Sadhu!", this is called a transgression against the community. Most such offenses are transgressions born of defilement.' The Liang translation of the Mahāyānasaṃgraha states: 'When a bodhisattva sees sentient beings, he should smile joyfully, speak first, and only then converse with them.'