釋氏要覽 1.211

1.211

模範也。周禮師氏注云。教以道之稱也○指歸曰。自具福行。有化他之相○周禮云。為人之長。訓物之規名師長○寶積論云。師長者。若能助益長秀聖者○律云。和尚於弟子。當生兒想。弟子於和尚。當如父想。又稱師父（白虎通云父矩也。以法教子故）。師有二種。一親教師。即是依之出家。授經剃髮之者。毘柰耶。亦云。親教二依止師即是依之稟受三藏學者（但是依學一切事業乃至一日皆得稱師）○五百問云。臨壇諸僧。皆得呼為師否。答無此理。不從受法。盡不得稱師。

A model. The commentary to the 'Master of the Multitude' in the Rites of Zhou says: 'It is the designation for one who instructs with the Dao.' ○ The Zhigui says: 'Endowed with meritorious practice oneself, having the marks of transforming others.' ○ The Rites of Zhou says: 'Being a senior to others and a model instructing all things is called a teacher and senior.' ○ The Ratnakūṭa-śāstra says: 'A teacher and senior is one who can assist and foster the growth of noble ones.' ○ The Vinaya says: 'An upādhyāya should regard his disciple as a child; a disciple should regard the upādhyāya as a father.' They are also called 'teacher-father' (the Baihu tong says: 'A father is a standard; because he teaches the child with laws and rules'). There are two kinds of teachers: first, the preceptor (upādhyāya), that is, the one on whom one relies to leave household life, who transmits the scriptures and shaves the hair; the Vinaya also calls this the preceptor; second, the ācārya of reliance (niśrayācārya), that is, the one on whom one relies to receive and study the Tripiṭaka (anyone upon whom one relies to learn all affairs, even for a single day, can be called a teacher). ○ The Five Hundred Questions says: 'May all monks who ascend the ordination platform be called teachers?' Answer: 'There is no such principle. All those from whom one does not receive the Dharma cannot be called teachers.'